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العنوان
MAMMOPLASTY /
المؤلف
Moussa, Ahmed Kamel.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Ahmed Kamel Moussa
مشرف / Fateen Abd Almonem Anous
مشرف / Ayman Aly Reda
مناقش / Karim Fahmy Abd El Moaty
تاريخ النشر
2015.
عدد الصفحات
194p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
جراحة
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2015
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الطب - General Surgery
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

SUMMARY
ammoplasty is the plastic reconstruction of the breast. The male and female breasts may be reconstructed for many reasons and may be medically necessary or for aesthetic purposes. The three most common types of breast surgery are augmentation mammoplasty, reduction mammoplasty, mastopexy and breast reconstruction following mastectomy (Carleen et al., 2005).
Reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy are two distinct yet interrelated procedures that share many points in common. Both operations result in lifting of the nipple and areola, reduction of the breast skin envelope, and generally an overallimprovement in the shape of the breast. As a result, these goals are accomplished for both procedures using similar operative strategies. While recognizing these similarities, it is important to note that the major focus of breast reduction is to reduce the volume of the breast, whereas mastopexy is generally intended to lift and reshape the breast with little or no breast volume change. Typically, the aesthetic concerns in mastopexy are generally more demanding than those in breast reduction. Understanding the basic elements of each procedure is key for developing successful operative plan that provides the best results possible and yet minimizes potential complications (Scott et al., 2011).
M
Summary
161
Breast augmentation is a procedure for enlarging breasts those are small, under developed or involuted post-partum or post-lactation. It can be done for purely cosmetic purposes, as when a woman wants larger breasts, or following mastectomy to replace surgically removed tissue. Glandular hypomastia may occur as a developmental or involutionalprocess and affects a significant number of women. Developmental hypomastia is often seen as primary mammary hypoplasia or as a sequel of thoracic hypoplasia (Poland syndrome) or other chest wall deformity. Involutional hypomastia may develop in the postpartum setting and may be exacerbated by breast-feeding or significant weight loss. When compared to the norm, inadequate breast volume may lead to a negative body image, feelings of inadequacy, and low self-esteem. These disturbances may adversely affect a patient’s interpersonal relationships and quality of life.There has been a steady increase in breast augmentation surgery with the emerging importance of body image, changes in social expectations, and the increasing acceptance of aesthetic surgery (Maxwell et al., 2006).
Reconstructive mammaplasty is done as an alternative to breast forms and specially designed brassieres to achieve a more normal appearance of the breast. If this procedure is chosen, it is usually considered to be just one stage in the total plan of treatment for breast cancer. It has both a psychological and
Summary
162
physiological impact on the patient. Criteria used to determine whether reconstructive surgery is appropriate postmastectomy include the amount of tissue remaining after mastectomy, e.g., pectoral muscles, skin, and nipple; the probability of recurrent metastatic disease; appearance and size of the unoperated breast; and size and angle of the mastectomy scar. Adjuvant cancer therapy with radiation does not necessarily preclude additional plastic breast surgery (Sanjay et al., 2003).
Mammoplasty is a procedure, which has evolvedtremendously over the years due to the continuous and ongoing quest on the part of Aesthetic Surgeons to achieve the objective of reshaping the breast size, improving breast shape and relocating the nipple areola complex, while minimizing scars and also preserving lactation and innervation to the nipple-areola complex. Many of the procedures in use currently do achieve all these objectives, but the quest for ideal operation continues (Gilman et al., 2010).