الفهرس 
الاستعراض المرجعى والإطار النظرىيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
SUMMARY
Many countries of the world have been directed to the production of biofuels from certain crops and food commodities due to higher fossil fuel prices, And this has been confined to ”study the problem” in the occurrence and continuation of a global and ongoing changes affect the global supply of food as a result of the growing global trend towards biofuels from this food production and thus a global food crisis. Because Egypt is a net importer of many of these foods, especially used in bio-fuels such as wheat, corn, sugar and vegetable oil production, it will be affected significantly the global food crisis
So ”study aimed” mainly to identify the impact of th global trend towards the production of biofuels on food imported in Egypt which necessitated the study are as follows:
(1) Current status of the sector biofuels in the world.
(2) The evolution of the global production of biofuels.
(3) The production of biofuels expectations globally.
(4) The contribution of the biofuels industry in the rising prices of food commodities used in production.
(5) Identify the most important factors affecting the Egyptian imports of the most important cereals, sugar and vegetable oil crops.
(6) To determine the impact of the global production of biofuels on the value and quantity of Egypt’s imports of goods and food crops used in the production of.
The study was adopted to achieve its objectives on the use of ”style analysis” statistical descriptive and quantitative standard economic methods to study the characterization and analysis of the impact of the global trend towards the production of biofuels on food importer in Egypt, through the use of averages and percentages to illustrate the relative importance and equations direction timetable year variables the subject of the study. The study also used the models simple and multiple regression analysis in the study of the impact of economic and productivity variables on some of the variables contained study.
This study was based mainly to the ”data” available and the associated secondary subject of the study, which was compiled from:
-Research and scientific journals and conferences and letters, whic focused on the subject of study.
-Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation .
-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (Annual Bulletin of the movement of production and foreign trade).
-Food and Agriculture Organization in Egypt.
-Data that could be obtained from a network of international communications and information (Internet).
The study included four chapters are:
Section I dealt with this section both the ”Review and Reference theoretical framework”, and included two first chapter dealt with them ”Review and Reference ” where the most important studies and research on the subject of the study included a chronological been identified the most important results that could be reached through these studies . While the second chapter ”Theoretical Framework” where a review of the most important concepts of research on the subject of study such as: biomass, biofuels and different types and ways to get it, study examined the second Section which ensure ”The main features of the Gaza biofuels in the world until 2012,” it includes this section on the three chapters: Chapter I, and included ”Biofuels and Justifications and Disadvantages of using it globally,” it was found that the most important advantages or justifications for global use is limited to the disposal of implications on the production of environmental problems and the burning of fossil fuels from petroleum, natural gas and coal, ”, while confined to the main disadvantages of the use of a global biofuels that use agricultural food as fuel stocks in raising food prices around the world and low supply.
The second chapter dealing with ”The economics of Ethanol production globally during the period (2000-2012),” which included the development of ethanol production globally during the period (2000-2012), show that the global production of ethanol is increasing during this period of about 1.82298 billion gallons annually. And an annual growth of about 14.32% on average reached. As it turns out that the world’s largest producers of ethanol during this period is the United States, followed by Brazil and China and then come after them, Canada, France, Spain, and Sweden during the study period, where production reached each of these countries in 2012 to 13422.3, 6170.33, 662.81 , 501.29, 260.61, 121.11 ,41.39 million gallon and each of them respectively.
The third chapter, ”The Economics of biodiesel production worldwide intake during the period (2000-2012)”, where the development of bio-diesel production to ensure globally during the period (2000-2012), show that the global production of bio-diesel is growing during this period by about 544.48 million gallons per year, and an annual growth of about 21.77% on average reached. As it turns out that the world’s largest producers of bio-diesel during this period is the United States, followed by Germany and Argentina, where the production of these countries in 2012 amounted to about 981.12, 838.55 , 734.31 million gallon and each of them respectively.
Then the study dealt with Section III includes ”the policies and future prospects for the production of biofuels globally until 2020” and includes this section on two chapters, the first chapter, which includes ” the production of bio-fuel policies and rationale for the expansion of production in major producing countries,” it was found that the States major producers of biofuels, especially the United States, Brazil and European Union countries have plans for the future and provide support and privileges for the expansion of the production and use of biofuels,
The second chapter dealing with ”Quantities used and the quantities expected use of food crops to produce biofuels most important producing countries and expectations of the production of biofuels globally until 2020”, where this chapter included the quantities used and the expected use of food crops in the production of ethanol, and include: quantities used and the quantities expected to be used from corn - wheat - sugar cane ethanol production in major producing countries until 2020, where it was found that the largest countries used to harvest corn in ethanol production is the United.
while showing that the quantities used of corn in ethanol production worldwide amounted to about 128.47 million tons accounted for about 14.86% of the The world production of corn and of about 864.32 million tons, where remains of about 735.85 million tons of global production of corn for other uses and that in 2012 It is expected that the amount of corn used in the industry up to about 235.22 million tons, representing about 23.95% of the world production of corn and is expected to reach 981.95 million tons and that in 2020.
the biggest countries used to harvest wheat in the production of ethanol is the EU country, showing that the amount used of wheat for the production of ethanol in the world reached in 2012 to 10.68 million tons accounted for about 1.55% of world production of wheat, of about 691.06 million tons, where remains of about 680.38 million tons after excluding amounts used in the production of ethanol. It is expected that the amount of wheat used in the industry up to about 17.14 million tons, accounting for about 2.38% of world production of wheat and is expected to reach about 721.07 million tons and that in 2020.
As also shown in this chapter that Brazil is the largest countries of the world at all that were not only in the use of sugar cane crop in the production of ethanol and found that the quantities used in the production of sugar cane ethanol in Brazil in 2012 amounted to 415.27 million tonnes at a rate of about 52.88 % of the total production of sugar cane in Brazil, of about 785.31 million tons, while this amount represented about 22.6% of world production of sugar cane, of about 1.83783 billion tons in the same year is expected to amount used from sugar cane ethanol production in Brazil to rise until it reaches to about 646.51 million tons in 2020. This chapter also included the quantities used and the quantities expected to be used from vegetable oils food in biodiesel production until 2020 globally,
the total quantities used and the quantities expected to be used of these vegetable oils in biodiesel production in the world in 2012 amounted to about 15.24 million tons relative importance amounted to about 11.67% of the total wor production of vegetable oils and of about 130.59 million tons, while remaining about 115.35 million tons for other uses It is expected that the quantities of vegetable oils used in biodiesel production to rise to about 18.14 million tons in 2020.
Finally, this chapter included the expectations of the production of biofuels globally until 2020 where the show is expected to continue to increase global production of both ethanol and biodiesel until 2020 where it is expected that the global production of ethanol up to 38 251 million gallons in 2020. Also the case for bio-diesel, it is expected that the global production of it up to 10.12345 billion gallons in 2020.
Then the study dealt with section IV, and includes the ”effects of the economic production of biofuels on cereal crops and food commodities used in the production of the world and their impact on imported food in Egypt” and includes this section on two chapters, the first chapter dealing with ”the economic impact of the production of biofuels on cereal crops and food commodities used in production globally during the period (2000-2012), ”where this chapter included a review of the economic implications of corn, wheat, sugar cane and vegetable oil crops as a result of the world for use in the production of biofuels during the period (2000-2012), it shows that the global production of corn is growing by about 18.6 million tons per year, while the global supply of corn is growing by about 2.6 million tons, an increase of weak when compared to an increase of world production of corn and the reason for this is due to the increasing quantities used it in the production of ethanol, which amounted to about 12.5 million tons a year, which led to low supply or work to reduce the increase and contributed to the increase in the world price of corn during the study period by about 16.9 $ / ton per year, as well as the case of the wheat crop was found that world wheat production is increasing by about 8.12 million tons per year, while global supply is growing by about 3.3 million tons annually and increasing quantities used in the production of ethanol from about 0.76 million tons per year, while global wheat is increasing during the study period by about 18.4 $ / ton per year As for the sugar cane crop it has been shown that global production of sugar cane is growing at about 57.8 million tons per year, while the global supply of sugar is increasing by about 1.1 million tons per year and is increasing quantities used it in the production of ethanol at about 30.93 million tonnes per year, while the world price of sugar is increasing by about 38. 6 $ / tons per year, while Basbh vegetable oils used in biodiesel production has been shown that global production of vegetable oils is growing by about 3.8 million tons per year, while the global supply of which is increasing by about 0.45 million tons per year and is increasing quantities used them in bio-diesel production by about 1.1 million tonnes per year while world prices for vegetable oils turned out to be growing at about 57.4 dollars / tons per year during the study period.
Also found in this chapter higher average world prices for each of corn, wheat, sugar cane and vegetable oils used in the production of biofuels during the period (2006 - 2012) compared with the average international prices during the period (2000 - 2005), where it was found the presence of significant difference between the average price Global of these crops during the two periods as evidence of the impact of the global trend for the production of biofuels from these crops and food commodities on this world prices
While the second chapter, the economic impact of the growing global trend towards the production of biofuels on Egyptian imports from crops and food commodities used in production during the period.
(2000-2012) ”And this chapter has Egypt’s imports from each of the corn crop, and wheat, sugar, vegetable oil, and show through the results rising import Egypt price of these crops as a result of their use in the production of biofuels, which would lead to a lifting of the value of imports bill Egypt from these crops and food commodities and affect negatively on the Egyptian economy and food security National, where the results showed a positive relationship between the quantities used of each of corn, wheat and sugar cane in ethanol production and the price of imported Egypt for these crops, it turned out to increase the quantities used of each of these crops in the production of ethanol by one million tonnes will lead to increased import Egypt price of each of these crops by 2.1, 23.8, 1.35 US $ / ton for each of them, respectively, it turns out there is also a direct correlation between the quantities used of vegetable oils in bio-diesel and the price of Egypt’s imports from these oils production, it was found that the increase in these quantities by one million tonnes will lead toincreased import Egypt price of this oils by 115.04 $ / ton during the study period.
This chapter also dealt with the study of the most important factors affecting the amount of Egypt’s imports of crops and food commodities used in the production of biofuels, and show off the results of the study that the most important factors affecting the amount of Egyptian imports from corn are the domestic consumption of corn and global supply of corn. where it was found a positive relationship between the amount of Egypt’s imports of corn, and all of the domestic consumption of corn and supply the world of corn, it found that an increase in domestic consumption by one million tons and supply the world by one million tons, increase the amount of Egypt’s imports of corn by 1.1,0.1 million tons for each of them, respectively.
The results showed that the most important factors affecting the amount of Egyptian imports of wheat are the domestic consumption of wheat and the global supply of wheat, it show a positive relationship between the amount of Egypt’s imports of wheat, and all of the domestic consumption of wheat and the global supply of wheat, it was found that Each increase of domestic consumption of wheat and the global supply of wheat by one million tons, the amount of Egypt’s imports of wheat increase by 0.83, 0.18 million tons each, respectively, during the study period, While showing the results of the study that the most important factors affecting the amount of Egyptian imports of sugar are the domestic consumption of sugar and the global supply of sugar, where it was found a positive relationship between the amount of Egypt’s imports of sugar, and all of the domestic consumption of sugar and the global supply of sugar, it was found that Each increase of domestic consumption of sugar and the global supply of sugar by one million tons, the amount of Egypt’s imports of sugar increase by 0.44, 0.02 million tons each, respectively, during the study period.
It also shows the results of the study that the most important factors affecting the amount of Egyptian imports of vegetable oils are the domestic production of vegetable oils and domestic consumption of vegetable oils, where it was found a positive relationship between the amount of Egypt’s imports of vegetable oils, and Domestic consumption of vegetable oils, shows that an increase domestic consumption by one million tons, increase the amount of Egypt’s imports from these oils by 0.94 million tons, the results also indicate the existence of an negative relationship between the amount of Egypt’s imports of vegetable oils and domestic production of these oils, it was found that low domestic production of vegetable oil by one million tons increase the amount of Egypt’s imports from these oils by 0.94 million tons during the study period .