الفهرس 
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases contribute to a range of acute and chronic human diseases which characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. In this point of view antioxidants therapy and proteolytic enzyme bromelain has become important for both prevention and palliative treatment of colitis disease. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant capacity in addition to biological, biochemical and histopathological impact of fresh pineapple juice and bromelain to alleviate and improve the cases of colon inflammation induced chemically in male adult albino rats.
This study was divided into three sections:
The first section consists of analysis of chemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of fresh pineapple juice, the results recorded that each 100ml of fresh pineapple juice contain 425±3.00mg as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for total phenols and 584±4.00mg as catechin equivalent (CE) for total flavonoids also 25±1.00 mg ascorbic acid as well as 57±1.00% total antioxidant capacity as ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE).
The second section consists of determination of the concentration of bromelain in fresh pineapple juice against pure bromelain as standard by High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data revealed that each 100ml of fresh pineapple juice contain about 12.29mg bromelain.
The third section consists of the biological trial: throughout this study a number of healthy male adult albino rats Wister strain weighing 180±10 g were subjected to experimentation. Colitis was induced for 36-h fasted rats using a rubber canula which inserted into the colon, via the anus and a 0.25ml solution of 16% acetic acid/ 100g body weight was instilled into the lumen of the colon, then after 24 hours the affected rats were investigated for confirming the induction of colitis using microscopic examination of colon sections. The experiment contained six groups, each group consisted of 10 rats as follow; Group (1) served as normal control (Healthy) and group (4) served as positive control (Colitis) both were administrated 0.5ml distilled water/100g body weight by stomach tube daily. Healthy rats of group (2) and colitis rats of group (5) both were administrated 0.5ml fresh pineapple juice/100g body weight by stomach tube as well as healthy rats of group (3) and colitis rats of group (6) both were administrated 0.5ml bromelain/100g body weight daily using stomach tube. Balanced diet freely was offered to all groups and water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The results illustrated that:
1- The biological study data in general cleared the impact of consuming fresh pineapple juice or bromelain for both healthy and colitis groups. It was clear that the acetic acid induced colitis rats represented a significant reduction in final body weight and food intake by 45.63% and 73.93% compared to healthy control (p> 0.05).While colitis rats treated with fresh pineapple juice or bromelain showed increment in the values of final body weight were (168.38±20.88) and (187.38±29.59), respectively compared to colitis control (132.88±13.72), also showed significant increase in food intake with values (245.38±10.94) and (259.25±29.54), respectively for fresh pineapple juice and bromelain treated rats compared to colitis control (221.50±15.04). Moreover, Treatment of colitis rats with fresh pineapple juice or bromelain recorded increase in FER by 180% and 195%, respectively compared to colitis rats. When colitis rats consumed fresh pineapple juice or bromelain, there was a significant reduction in colon weight by 67.47% and 65.59%, respectively compared to colitis control group.
2- With regard to antioxidant status, the results showed that acetic acid-induced colitis caused a significant decrement in GSH level, CAT and SOD activities by 54.63%, 28.59% and 30.88%, respectively compared to normal control (p> 0.05). When colitis rats treated with fresh pineapple juice resulted in increment in GSH level, CAT and SOD activities by 101.91%, 16.79% and 36.80%, respectively. While treatment with bromelain resulted in elevation by 75.79%, and 10.69% and 40.28%, respectively compared to colitis control.
3- Oral administration of fresh pineapple juice to colitis rats showed a significant decrement in serum inflammatory markers including TNF-α, MPO and CRP by 34.77%, 38.69% and 49.35%, respectively compared to colitis control. Whereas oral consumption of bromelain for colitis rats recorded a significant reduction in TNF-α, MPO and CRP by 20.57%, 36.63% and 51.94%, respectively compared to colitis control. Also, healthy rats represented reduction in TNF-α, MPO and CRP levels when treated with fresh pineapple juice or bromelain compared to healthy control (p> 0.05).
4- The colitis control group showed significant reduction in total protein, albumin and A/G ratio by 34.30%, 61.43% and 66.67%, respectively as well as significant increase in the inflammatory globulin by about 16.29% compared to normal control (p> 0.05).When colitis rats treated with fresh pineapple juice or bromelain showed an improvement in the values of total protein, albumin and globulin compared to colitis control group.
5- The results also revealed that induction of colitis caused a significant elevation in ALP, ALT and AST enzymes activity compared to normal control. While administration of fresh pineapple juice or bromelain to healthy and colitis rats cleared a decrement in ALP, ALT and AST compared to their controls.
6- The microscopic examination of colon tissue of colitis rats illustrated an intact mucosa and dense mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate with lymphoid aggregate formation. While after colitis rats treated with fresh pineapple juice or bromelain exhibit decrease inflammatory response and not only limit but also prevent inflammatory cells.
In general, the results obtained in this study showed the beneficial effect of consuming fresh pineapple juice and bromelain on both healthy and colitis rats. The daily consumption of fresh pineapple juice is important for the improvement of colon functions in colitis suffering patients due to its high content of phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and antioxidants. In addition to its content of proteolytic enzyme bromelain.