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العنوان
IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF
NATIVE DUCK BREED BY CROSSING WITH
STANDARD COMMERCIAL DUCK BREED /
المؤلف
ALI SAWY, AMER MAKRAM .
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / AMER MAKRAM ALI SAWY
مشرف / Mohamed Bahie El-Deen Mohamed
مشرف / Ali Zein El-Dein Hassan
مشرف / Ahmed Galal El-Sayed
مناقش / Ahmed Hatem Ibrahim El-Attar
تاريخ النشر
2015.
عدد الصفحات
276p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
علم الحيوان والطب البيطري
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2015
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - تربية دواجن
الفهرس
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Abstract

This experiment was carried out at private farm in Fayoum
Governorate. The goal of this experiment was to improve the
productive performance in Sudani duck by crossing with Peking and
Muscovy duck strains. A total number 400 (150 Sudani, 125 Muscovy
and 125 Peking) one day old un- sexed duck strains were used. They
were reared under similar environmental, managerial and hygienic
conditions from one day old to the end of the experiment. The feed
and water were supplied ad libtium. The high and low ambient
temperatures and relative humidity recorded during the experimental.
At 32 wk of age, the Muscovy (M) and Peking males (P) allow to
natural mating with Sudani (S) females. The birds were individually
weighed weekly. Also, feed consumption and conversion ratio were
determined on a weekly basis. At 8 weeks of age, 48 ducks randomly
chosen 16 duck from each strain (8 males + 8 females) were randomly
chosen for determining cell-mediated immunity (PHA-P). After
completion of PHA-P assay, the birds were slaughtered and lymphoid
organs (bursa and spleen) were dissected. At the same age, a 3.0 ml
blood samples were withdrawn from the Jugular vein. A portion of the
blood was used for blood constituent determination. The carcass
evaluation was determined at marketing age. The main results could
be summarized as follows:1. Parent stock
1.1. Strain effect
 The Peking duck had significantly higher body weight at 8 weeks of
age, body weight gain and growth rate from 0-8 weeks of age
compared to Sudani or Muscovy one.
 There was no significant difference among strains for feed
conversion ratio from 0-8 weeks of age.
 The Peking duck had significantly higher hematocrit level, RBCs
and haemoglobuline compared to Muscovy or Sudani duck.
 The Sudani duck strain had a greater dermal swelling response to
Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) compared to Muscovy or Peking
duck strains (at 24 48, and 72 h).
 The Sudani duck strain exhibited greater bursa and spleen (as a
percentage of live body weight) compared to Muscovy or Peking
duck strains.
 The Peking duck strain had significantly higher H/L ratio compared
to Sudani and Muscovy duck strains.
 No significant difference among duck strains for relative either for
non-edible or edible meat parts.
 The Peking duck strain had significantly higher relative giblets
compared to Muscovy duck; however the Sudani duck was
intermediate.
 The Muscovy and Sudani duck strain had significantly higher
relative breast muscles compared to Peking duck one The Muscovy duck strain had significantly higher relative gizzard
fat compared to Peking duck one, however the Sudani duck was
intermediate.
 The Sudani and Muscovy duck had a greater sexual dimorphism for
body weight compared to Peking duck.
 The Sudani duck had a greater sexual dimorphism for edible meat
parts compared to Peking duck one, however the Muscovy was
intermediate.
 The fertility was significantly higher in SS (Sudani x Sudani)
compared either for PS (Peking x Sudani) while, MS (Muscovy x
Sudani) cross was intermediate.
 Hatchability from all eggs and fertile eggs of SS and MS crosses
gave significantly higher values compared to PS ones.
1.2. Sex effect
 No significant differences observed for hematocrit level, RBCs
and haemoglobuline between males and females.
 No significant differences observed for dermal swelling response
to Phytohemagglutinin-P at 24 48, and 72 h (PHA-P) between
males and females.
 Duck males exhibited greater bursa (as a percentage of live body
weight) compared to females one. Opposite trend noticed for
relative spleen weight.
 No significant difference between males and females was
detected for H/L ratio.
 No significant difference between males and females for relative
non-edible meat parts. Males had significantly higher relative edible meat parts weight
compared to females one.
 Males had significantly higher relative breast muscles weight
compared to females one.
 Females had significantly higher relative gizzard fat weight
compared to males.
2. Offspring flock
2.1. MS cross
2.1.1. Cross effect
 The MS cross had significantly higher body weight at 10 weeks
of age, body weight gain and growth rate from 0-10 weeks of age
compared to their parents..
 The MS cross had significantly higher feed conversion ratio from
2-8 weeks of age compared to their parents.
 The MS cross had significantly lowest hematocrit level, RBCs
and haemoglobuline compared to their parent.
 The MS cross had a greater dermal swelling response to
Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) at 24 and 48h compared to their
parents.
 The Sudani and MS cross exhibited greater bursa and spleen (as a
percentage of live body weight) compared to Muscovy duck.
 The MS cross had significantly higher H/L ratio compared to their
parents.
 No significant difference among MS cross and their parents for
relative edible and non-edible meat parts. The MS cross had significantly higher relative giblets weight
compared to Muscovy duck; however the Sudani duck was
intermediate.
 Muscovy and Sudani duck strain had significantly higher relative
breast muscles compared to MS cross.
 The MS cross had significantly higher relative gizzard fat
compared to Sudani duck one, however the Muscovy duck was
intermediate.
 No significant differences observed for sexual dimorphism of
body weight among MS cross and their parents.
 The Sudani duck had a greater sexual dimorphism for edible meat
parts compared to Muscovy or MS cross.
2.1.2. Sex effect
 Duck Males had significantly higher hematocrit level compared to
females.
 Males had a greater at 48, and 72 h dermal swelling response to
Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) compared to females one.
 Duck Males exhibited greater bursa (as a percentage of live body
weight) compared to females one. Opposite trend noticed for
relative spleen weight.
 Duck Males had significantly higher H/L ratio compared to
females one.
 Males had significantly higher relative edible meat parts
compared to females one. Males had significantly higher relative breast muscles compared
to females one
 Females had significantly higher relative gizzard fat weight
compared to males.
2.2. PS cross
 The PS cross had significantly higher body weight at 8 weeks of
age, body weight gain and growth rate from 0-8 weeks of age
compared to their parents.
 The PS cross had significantly higher feed conversion ratio from 2-
4 and 6-8 weeks of age compared to Sudani and Peking duck
strains.
 The PS cross had significantly lowest hematocrit level, RBCs and
haemoglobuline compared to their parent.
 The PS cross had a greater dermal swelling response to
Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) at 24 48 and 72 h compared to
their parents.
 The Sudani and PS cross exhibited greater bursa (as a percentage of
live body weight) compared to Peking duck. Relative spleen weight
of Sudani strain had significantly higher than Peking and PS cross
one.
 The Sudani and PS cross had significantly lowest H/L ratio
compared to Peking duck.
 The Peking duck had significantly higher non-edible meat parts
compared to PS cross, however the Sudani duck was intermediate. The Peking duck had significantly higher relative giblets compared
to Sudani or PS cross.
 The PS cross had significantly higher relative edible meat parts
weight compared to their parents.
 The Sudani and PS cross had significantly higher relative breast
muscles compared to Peking one.
 No significant different among PS cross and their parents for
relative gizzard fat and abdominal fat weight.
3. Heterosis
3.1. MS cross
3.1.1. Cross effect
 Positive heterosis noticed for body weight at all ages except at
marketing age it was negative.
 Negative heterosis for HCT, RBCs and thrombocytes were
detected.
 The MS recorded high positive h heterosis for CMI response
(53.25, 43.30 and 93.7 % at 24, 48 and 72h post injection,
respectively).
 The MS cross recorded positive heterosis for relative weight of
bursa and spleen.
 The MS cross recorded positive heterosis for H/L ratio.
 The MS cross recorded negative heterosis for edible meat parts,
major, minor, breast muscles skin, neck and wings.
 The MS cross recorded positive heterosis for relative weight of
giblets, thigh, drumstick, gizzard fat and abdominal fat. Both Males and females recorded Negative heterosis for HCT,
RBCs and thrombocytes.
 Both Males and females recorded positive heterosis for CMI
response, at 24, 48 and 72h post.
 Males had positive heterosis for relative weight of bursa (10.14%),
while the females had negative heterosis (-2.22%), however the
females had higher positive heterosis for spleen (33.30%)
compared to that of males (12.54%).
 Both males and females were positive heterosis for H/L ratio, the
male had high positive heterosis for H/L ratio (70.49%) compared
to female (21.79%).
 Both males and females were positive heterosis for giblets
(20.96%) and (9.54%) for males and females respectively.
 Both males and females were negative heterosis for edible meat
parts (-2.65%) and (-0.89%) for males and females respectively.
 Both males and females were negative heterosis for breast muscles
(-43.94%) and (-10.71%) for males and females respectively.
 Males had positive hetrosis for relative weight of drumstick
(26.67%), while the females had negative heterosis (-18.83%),
 Both males and females were positive hetrosis for thigh, gizzard
fat, abdominal fat and skin, however negative heterosis noticed for
neck and wings in both males and females. Positive heterosis noticed for body weight at all ages. With respect
to growth rate, the heterosis had positive effect at all ages except
from 2-3 and 7-8 weeks of age.
 Negative heterosis for HCT and RBCs was observed, however,
there was positive heterosis for thrombocytes
 PS recorded Positive heterosis for CMI response (22. 05, 29.02 and
4.63% at 24, 48 and 72h post injection, respectively).
 The PS cross recorded positive heterosis for bursa and spleen.
 The PS cross recorded negative heterosis for H/L ratio.
 The PS cross recorded positive heterosis for edible meat parts,
major, minor, breast muscles and wings.
 The PS cross recorded negative heterosis for giblets, thigh,
drumstick, gizzard fat, abdominal fat, skin and neck
Conclusion
1- The MS and PS crosse showed an improvement for growth
performance compared to Sudani one, however the crosses had
higher immunity and low mortality and defects rates when
compared either for Peking or Muscovy duck strain.
2- The PS cross carcass had lowest fat compared to Peking strain.
3- The MS cross can keep cross to parents by back cross to continue
improve the growth performance.
4- The PS cross exhibited a higher figure in growth performance,
immune response and some carcass traits, when compared to MS
cross. So it can be used as a commercial hybrid. On the other hand,
the MS cross unsterile birds can be improved for several
generations through crossing with their parents.