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Abstract
The thyroid gland is not uncommon site of cancer. It represents the most common site of malignancy of endocrine system. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased in recent years. Diagnosis was facilitated by two important developments: the widespread use of improved imaging techniques and the popularity of fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In National Cancer Institute of Egypt the incidence of cancer thyroid was: 2.1%, 2.3% and 1.95% at 2002, 2003 and 2004 respectively.
Thyroid Cancer occurs primarily in young and middle aged adults with mean age at diagnosis around the mid 40‘s for the papillary type, 50‘s for the follicular type. Thyroid Cancer is two to four folds more frequent in females then males. The most common thyroid neoplasms are papillary carcinoma (50–80% of the total), followed by follicular carcinoma (10–40%).
Thyroid cancer typically presents clinically with a palpable thyroid nodule. Laboratory investigations include thyroid function tests (serum TSH, T3 and T4). Imaging studies include cervical ultrasonography, thyroid scan, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET CT) of the neck. Fine needle aspiration cytology of discrete neck swellings remains the mainstay of diagnosis of thyroid cancer.