الفهرس 
Anatomy of the MaculaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetic macular edema is one of the most significant causes
of blindness and severe visual impairment in patients with
diabetes, which can result in reduced quality of life.
Optical Coherence Tomography is a high-resolution,
cross-sectional imaging technique that allows detailed
assessment of retinal thickness and morphologic evaluation of
the neurosensory retinal layers. OCT imaging has rapidly been
integrated into diagnosis and management of DME in routine
clinical practice and clinical trials.
This is a cross sectional study to study the relationship
between control and duration of diabetes mellitus and different
OCT patterns of diffuse diabetic macular edema.
This cross sectional study included 50 eyes of 50 patients
presenting to embaba ophthalmic outpatient clinic complaining
of diminution of vision with history of DM, full medical history
including duration of DM was done to patients; Glycosylated
haemoglobin (HbA1c) blood test was done to patients to assess
control of DM.
Fluorescein angiography and OCT imaging was
conducted to assess OCT patterns of DME in these patients.OCT patterns of DME were classified to:
1. Spongyform diffuse retinal thickening (SDRT) (10
patients).
2. Cystoid macular edema (CME). (31 patients).
3. Serous retinal detachment (SRD) (4 patients).
4. Full type which include all the previous patterns (5
patients).
Patient’s control of DM was classified according to
reference range of HbA1c into 3 groups:
1. Good control (6.7-7.3%). (0 patients).
2. Fair control (7.3-9.1%). (38 patients).
3. Poor control (>9.1%). (31 patients).
All results were statistically analyzed showing:
• On correlating control of DM with different OCT patterns of
DME there was no statistically significant difference
between control of DM and different OCT patterns of DME
(p=0.374), this may have appeared because the control of
DM is not a risk factor for morphological patterns of DME.
• On correlating duration of DM with different OCT patterns
of DME there was a statistically significant difference
between duration of DM and different OCT patterns of
DME (p=0.043), on comparing different OCT patterns DMEmean duration with each other there was a significant
difference between the SDRT group and full group
(p=0.052) and CME group (p=0.022) showing that SDRT
appears with shorter duration of DM, this is explained by the
fact that SDRT is the 1st pattern to appear.
• On correlating HbA1c level with different OCT patterns of
DME there was no statistically significant difference
between Hba1c level and different OCT patterns
(p=0.369).this may have appeared as HbA1c is not a direct
factor affecting morphology of DME.
• On correlating age of patients with different OCT patterns of
DME there was no statistically significant difference
between age of patients and different OCT patterns
(p=0.355), the age of patient is not a risk factor for DM or
DME.
On correlating best corrected visual acuity and OCT
patterns of DME there was statistically significant difference
between the the best corrected visual acuity and different OCT
patterns of DME (p=0.022), on comparing different OCT
patterns of DME mean best corrected visual acuity with each
other there was a statistically significant difference between
SDRT group and the CME group (p=0.031), SRD group
(p=0.017) and full group (p=0.08) denoting that the SDRT
group has the best best corrected visual acuity. This may have
appeared because the SDRT is associated with less macular
thickness than other OCT patterns.