الفهرس 
مدخل الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Feelings and emotions are a reflection of the event and person’s image
on the man’s soul board where he faces what pleased and saddened him, and relaxes him and bother
him and make him angry.
These impressions translate feeling and sensations that appears on
man’s facial features and through his speeches and his words.
In addition, in normal case man discloses feelings towards people and events, which make him more
dynamic and interactive with life, and renews his psychological and emotional activity and
regulates the relationship with those around him.
lndividualswho sufferfroman impaired ability toexpress theirfeelings(infected
Alexithymia); they suffer fromselfand socialdifficulties thatmay affecttheir ability todeal
withdifferent life situations, and their ability tocommunicate effectively.
The inability to express emotions or irrepressible conflict or expressed about many
of the problems associated with mental illness has its effects on physical and mental health, while
linked to the individual’s sense of physical and mental health to
express their feelings.
The disabled are issued their emotions are different in the sense of hopelessness and confusion,
and a loss of confidence, and sense of efficacy, and a sense of fear and shame and anxiety.
(Mylourgh, L. N. et-al., 2005: 393)
The teenager who are visually impaired as a result of the case of visual impairments
live in which he finds himself has been hit by a certain amount of stress and distress,
since he has no ability to communicate with the outside world including certain variables social
and emotional multi addition to its inability to integrate with his sighted peers because he
feels that he less than them in many things, and therefore he find it difficult to describe his
feelings toward others and toward himself because of disability creates a feeling among blind
adolescent that they don’t feel
self-confidence, and in addition to that blindness creates within the blind a case of
social isolation, so that he cannot interact with those around him nor with the external
environment with all its variables.(Moter, Hoda 2009: 121).
We must therefore pay attention to the psychological state of a blind teenager, and work to improve
his mood, and to develop of his ability to express his feelings, which makes him even more
vital, and renews his psychological and emotional, and regulates his relationship with those
around him.
Study Problem
Alexithymia represents a difficulty in recognizing and operating information. This operating
plays an important rolein responding to social attitudes, particularly as the Arab studies have
been emptied of interest in this concept in spite of the growing interest of Alexithymia
globally, and in spite of its importance in clinical field because of its association with many
mental and psychosomatic disorders and physical complaints with unspecified reason, and
especially in this which the visual impairments stands between an individual and his achieving of
social adjustment, and with a weakness in the ability to express emotions (Aiexithymia) among
visually impaired, it will become a more serious problem and the problem will compound in whicha
solution is very difficult.
On the assertiveness training, individuals who are unable to express their feeling in
negative situations that require suffering from low self -affirmation, and the result is usually
is some negative effects as if increasing of loneliness and anxiety.
They always take extreme procedures to avoid their anxiety in the form of uncertain behavior.
Assertiveness training is a necessary mean to protect them from being victims like those negative
attempts where assertiveness training id the best program of self protection, which aims at
modifying individual’s knowledge and behavior, and training them to express their feelings,
thoughts, opinions, and to defend their rights and confront those who exploit them in an
appropriate manner without any violation of their rights. (Farag, 1998: 201).
Therefore, there is a need to experimental intervene through designing counseling programs among
blind adolescents to increase their degree of self- affirmation they have, and reduce the degree
of Alexithymia.
The foregoing can determine the current problem of the study in an attempt to answer the
following question:
To what extent does the effectiveness of counseling program in assertiveness for the reducing of
Alexithymia among a sample of some blind adolescents girls?
This question can be divided into the following sub -questions:
1-Are there significant differences between the mean of scores the members of the experimental and
control group in Alexithymia level after applying the assertiveness program?
2-Are there significant differences between the mean of scores the members of the
experimental group in pre and post measurements in Alexithymia level after applying the
assertiveness program?
3-Are there significant differences between the mean of scores the members of
experimental group in Alexithymia level after the application of the program to develop
assertiveness?
Aims of the study:
The present study aims to:
!-Preparation of a counseling program depends on several theories and counseling methods, which
depends on assertiveness to reduce Alexithymia among some blind adolescents girls.
2-ldentification of the extent of continuity effectiveness of integrative indicative
program, which, depends on assertiveness in reducing Alexithymia among some blind adolescents
girls.
The importance of the study:
You can view the theoretical and practical importance of the study as follows:
Theoretical importance:
1- Importance of the subjectfor study, which addressesthe development
ofassertivenessof someadolescentblind girls.
2- The study addressesseveralpivotalbehavioralconceptsrepresented inthe concept
ofpositive(assertiveness)andAiexithymia(negative perception) in a sample ofadolescentblind girls.
3-Scarcity of research that dealt with these variables in Arab Studies at the limits of
researcher’s knowledge.
The importance of the application:
!-Results of this study can contribute in drawing counseling and therapeutic strategies for blind
adolescent girls.
2-the results of this study may help in drawing the attention of teachers and caregivers
of blind to the effectiveness of assertiveness to modify unwanted behavior od blind adolescent
girls and treat behavioral.
Hypotheses of the study:
Based on theoretical framework for the study, and in light of what has been presented
of research and previous studies the study hypotheses can be formulated as follows: -
1-There are statically significant differences between the mean of the ranks in the
degrees of the members of the experimental and control groups in the post measurement on
assertiveness scale after the application of the extension program in favor of the experimental
group.
2-There are statically significant differences between the mean of the ranks in the degrees of
the members of the experimental and control groups in the post measurement on Alexithymia scale
after the application of the extension program in favor of the experimental group.
3-There are statistically significant differences between the mean of ranks in the
degrees of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post
measurements on assertiveness scale among blind adolescent girls in favor of the post measurement.
4-There are statistically significant differences between the mean of ranks in the
degrees of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post
measurements on Alexithymia scale among blind adolescent girls in favor of the post measurement.
5-There, are no statistically significant differences between the mean of ranks in the
degrees of the experimental group in the post and follow up measurements on assertiveness scale
among blind adolescent girls.
6- There are no statistically significant differences between the mean of ranks in the degrees of
the experimental group in the post and follow up measurements on Alexithymia scale among blind
adolescent girls.
Methodology:
The researcher in this study used the experimental method considered the approach that
commensurate with the nature and objectives of the current study, which includes
verification of the effectiveness of a counseling program of assertiveness to reduce Alexithymia
among some adolescent blind girls.
Sample of the study:
The sample of the study consisted of (20) bind adolescent girls, selected from al Noor and AI
Amal in Heliopolis area which follows Nozha educational department in Cairo, between the ages of
(14-18) years, were divided into two groups: an experimental group is made up (10) students, and a
control group consisting of (10) students.
Study tools:
1-Wechsler Verbal Scale for Adults and Adolescents Intelligence (designed by
Lewis Kamal Melika, 1996).
2-The Cultural, Economic, and Social Scale (designed by Mohamed Risk AI Behairi, 2002).
3- Torinto Scale for Alexithymia (designed by the researcher).
4-Assertiveness Test for Adolescents (designed by Mohammed Abdel Zahar AI
Tayeb, 1982).
Statistical Methods:
- Mean Average.
- Standard Deviation.
- T Test.
- Pearson Coefficient correlation.
- Non- Parametric Mann- Whitney test for the significant differences between the independent
groups.
- Non- Parametric Wilcoxon test to significant differences between the correlated groups.
Results of the study:
The current study resulted in set of results:
1-There are statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05) between
the mean of ranks in the degrees of the members of the experimental group and those of control
group in the post- test on assertiveness scale in favor of experimental group.
2-There are statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05)
between the mean of ranks in the degrees of the members of the experimental group and those of
control group in the post- test on Alexithymia scale in favor of experimental group.
3-There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) between the mean
of ranks in the degrees of the members of experimental group in the pre and post measurements on
assertiveness scale in favor of the post- test.
4-There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) between the mean
of ranks in the degrees of the members of experimental group in the pre and post measurements on
Alexithymia scale in favor of the post- test.
5-there are no statistically significant differences between the man of ranks in the degrees of
the members of the experimental group in the post -test and follow -up measurement on assertiveness
scale among blind adolescent girls, this indicates The effectiveness of the counseling program’s
continuity in the development of assertiveness and reducing Alexithymia level among members of
the experimental group.