الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 135 |  |  |
| | | from | 135 | | |
Abstract
The prevalence of SCI is considerable and cannot be a negligible problem as it affects the quality of life of a large number of patients among the world. Use of stem cell in treatment of SCI gives us a lot of hope for the future and give more happens for those patients to give him another chance for good life.
The study found that use of stem cells in treatment of SCI give a new hope and promise for those patients. Several studies have reported that various stem or progenitor cells types induce functional improvement following transplantation into the injured spinal cord. The study is a comprehensive review for the most commonly used modalities including embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, olfactory ensheathed cells, and umbilical cord blood cells.
OECs promote axonal regeneration by producing insulating myelin sheaths around growing and damaged axons, secreting growth factors, and generating structural and matrix macromolecules that lay the tracks for axonal elongation. Problems of rejection, overgrowth, disease transmission and ethical issues can be avoided because a person’s own olfactory mucosa can be used.
UCB is known to have stem/progenitor of cells. UCB is being used increasingly on an experimental basis as a source of stem cells, as an alternative to bone marrow. Ultrastructural analysis of axons revealed that hUCB cells form morphologically normal appearing myelin sheaths around axons in the injured areas of spinal cord. These findings demonstrated that hUCB, when transplanted into the spinal cord 7 days after weightDROP injury, survived for at least 2 wk, differentiated into oligodendrocytes and neurons, and improved locomotor function.
٩٢
Foetal derived multipotent foetal stem cells (FSCs) are generally more tissue-specific than ESCs. Therefore, FSCs are able to generate a more limited number of progenitor types. One of the particular therapeutic advantages of FSCs as compared with ESCs is the fact that FSCs do not form teratomas in vivo.
The study found that stem cells obtained from bone marrow is more preferred than the other types because of ; more accessible, less side effects than other types, easily to obtain, more safer than other types, more matches to reduce risk of graft versus host diseases , faster availability, more ethnic diversity and fewer infection than other types.
Finally further researches should be done to those patients with SCI. Searching for best sources and modalities of stem cells, multicenter studies, and long term follow up after injection of stem cells will answer many questions about that field. A project that will transfer handicapped consuming patients to persons whom are able to work worthwhile many attention and work.