الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endoscopic injection has emerged as a highly successful, minimally invasive therapy for VUR. Our study has demonstrated safety and efficacy of this treatment modality for the correction of reflux. Success rates are comparable to open surgery in patients with low grade reflux and not so much lower than those in patient with high grade reflux, with added benefits of short hospital stay and minimal associated morbidity. The most important predictors of success include pre-operative reflux grade and the absence of functional/anatomic bladder abnormalities including voiding dysfunction, neuropathic bladder, duplicated systems, and ureterocele. On the other hand, open surgery is still indicated and is considered the only solution for cases of persistent VUR after injection, cases of high grade reflux, patients with bladder abnormalities , patients with duplicated system and ureterocele.