الفهرس 
الاطار النظرى والاستعراض المرجعىيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
المستخلص
Although Egypt has wide areas of water bodies, some of these areas are natural that include the seas, lakes and the River Nile and its branches, and some other areas are unnatural that include aquaculture in different types. On the other hand, fish production is not enough to cover Egypt’s needs of fish. During the study period, which runs from 1996 to 2011, it shows an increase in fish production from 432 thousand tons in 1996 up to 1362 thousand tons in 2011, in spite of that Egypt has not achieved self-sufficiency of the fish up till now.
The rate of fish sufficiency reaches for about an average of 80.6% for the period of the study. Therefore the state has to import fish from overseas to fill the gap in fish that is about 193.9 thousand tons on average for the period of study. Most of the imported fish are frozen and cheap species, which means an increase in the deficit in the Egyptian trade balance.
This research aims to identify the major features of the production and marketing of fish in Egypt during the period (1996-2011) to highlight the most important ways for developing fish production in Egypt, as well as to highlight the most important problems and obstacles that hinder fish development in Egypt, in order to provide some economic indicators, which can contribute in the development and improvement of this sector.
The research , on achieving its goals, depends on the methods of economic descriptive and statistical analysis, using the models time trend equations after studying the scatter plots for data during the study period in order to express the whole period of time, or dividing the whole period into two periods through using a dummy variable, that expresses the transition between periods if so required, and it uses the analysis of variance technique to identify the existence of differences between the production means of different species, or the existence of differences between the production means of different sources in Egypt, in addition to studying the relative importance of species production and its sources
The research depends on the published and unpublished data from different places, such as the General Authority for Fish Resources Development, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Fish statistics for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and uses some researches that are relevant to the subject of the study.
To achieve the objectives of the study, it consists of five main chapters. The first chapter deals with framework and reference review to previous studies based on the production and marketing of fish in Egypt, whether from natural or non-natural sources.
The second chapter of the study deals with fish production in the Arab Republic of Egypt through four sections. The first section of this chapter deals with fish production evolution and its relative importance in Egypt. It shows that the production grows by annual rates amount 6.4% from an average of Egypt’s production of fish and indicates the relative importance for fish production sources. It show that aquaculture, Lakes, the River Nile and its branches, the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and finally the fish in rice fields represented 52.5%, 20.3%, 10.6%, 7.7%, 6.7%, 2.1%, respectively, from an average of Egypt’s production of fish during the study period.
The second section of this chapter deals with the relative importance and the evolution of both the quantity and value of fish production for the most important species in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. These species include sardinellas and anchovy, muglidae, lizard fish, red mullets, red porgy, golden grouper, and blue runner and Spanish mackerel.
For the Mediterranean Sea, The study indicates that sardinellas and anchovy, muglidae, and red mullets come in the forefront of these species by average production 17.3, 3.5, 2.4 thousand tons respectively, from an average of Mediterranean Sea production of fish, amounting to about 46.3 thousand tons during the study period
By studying the evolution of production quantities of the most important species from the Mediterranean Sea, showing an increased production of muglidae during the whole period of the study by annual rates amount 5.2% of the average, and for lizard fish, red mullets, and red porgy, production of these species are decreasing during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 5.6%, 7.4%, 5.6% respectively from the estimated average for them. While it shows an increase in the production of these species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 11.3%, 11.2%, 15.6% respectively from the estimated average for them.
For the red Sea, The study indicates that horse mackerel and Spanish mackerel, sardinellas and anchovy, and lizard fish come in the forefront of these species by average production 9.9, 5.8, 11.4 thousand tons respectively, from an average of red Sea production of fish, amounting to about 46.8 thousand tons during the study period.
By studying the evolution of production quantities of the most important species from the Red Sea, it shows decreased production of sardinellas and anchovy, during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 6.3% of the average, while it shows an increased production of these species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 12.5% from the estimated average for them.
For muglidae fish, it show an increased production during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 54.7% of the average, while it shows an increased production during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 23.1% from the estimated average for this species. For lizard fish, it shows production increase of this species during the whole period of the study by annual rates amount 4.6% of the average.
For red mullets, porgies, groupers, and species horse mackerel and Spanish mackerel, the production of these species is increasing during the first period of study by annual rates amount 28.2%, 28.6%, 42.8%, 14.7% respectively from the estimated average for them, while it shows an increased production of these species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 11.3%, 11.2%, 15.6% respectively from the estimated average for them.
The third section of this chapter, deals with the production of lakes and the Nile River fisheries. It deals with the relative importance and the evolution of both quantity and value of all species of tilapia, mullets fish, catfish, grass carp, and both of bargrus and Nile perch fish.
For Lake Manzala, the study indicates that tilapia, mullets, and catfish come in the forefront of these species by average production 29.5, 8.5, 5.6 thousand tons respectively, from an average of Lake Manzala production of fish, amounting to about 49.2 thousand tons during the study period.
By studying the evolution of the production quantities of the most important species from Lake Manzala, it shows decreased production of tilapia during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 5.6% of the average, while it shows an increased production of these species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 12.1% from the estimated average. For mullets fish, it shows an increased production during the two periods of study by annual rates amount 33.2%, 35.9% respectively from the estimated average for each period.
For catfish and each of bargrus and Nile perch fish, The production of these specie is increasing during the first period of study by annual rates amount 24.1%, 10.4%, respectively from the estimated average for them. While it shows a decreased production of these species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 6.5%, 12%, respectively from the estimated average for them. For grass carp Fish it shows an increased production during the whole period of the study by annual rates amount 11.3% of the average
For The River Nile and its branches, the study indicates that tilapia, grass carp, and catfish, come in the forefront of these species by averages production 29, 16.6, 15.5 thousand tons respectively, from an average of River Nile and its branches production of fish, amounting to about 82.3 thousand tons during the study period.
By studying the evolution of production quantities of the most important species from the River Nile and its branches, it shows an increased production of tilapia during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 5.2% of the average, while it shows a decreased production of this species during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 3% from the estimated average. For mullets fish, it shows an increased production during the two period of the study by annual rates amount 5.7%, 62.8% respectively from the estimated average for each period.
For grass carp fish, it shows a decreased production during the first period of the study by annual rates amount 59.8% of the average, while it shows a decreased production during the second period of the study by annual rates amount 4 % from the estimated average for this species.
The Study uses the analysis of variance test for the production from the River Nile and lakes and for the most important species. It shows that there is a significant difference between the production means of these sources.
The fourth section of chapter two, deals with fish production from non-natural sources in Egypt. It shows the relative importance for the private pond farms in production, it shares with 82.4% from the average of total production from aquaculture.
The third chapter deals with fish production seasonality and estimates production and costs functions in random sampling of fish aquaculture in Egypt. The first section of this chapter deals with fish production seasonality from natural fisheries, using multiple regression and dummy variable to express the seasonality effects through the period (2008-2011).
For the seasonality estimates of the Mediterranean sea, the results show that the production in a quarter-year of sardinellas and anchovy, muglidae, lizard fish, red mullets, red porgy, golden grouper, and species of blue runner and Spanish mackerel are decreasing in the second quarter equivalent to about 1769, 550, 186, 529, 398 133, 226 tons up the average production in this quarter, while the production of lizard fish and species of blue runner and Spanish mackerel are decreasing in the first quarter equivalent to about 153, 120 tons up the average production in this quarter.
The second section of chapter three, deals with estimates of the standard function of production and costs in random sampling of fish farming in Egypt. It shows that feed value occupies the first rank among terms of the variable cost of the farm, with an average for each of the three categories of about 22.4, 18.9, 14.5 thousand pound /feddan respectively, representing approximately 71.7%, 78.5%, 77.1%, respectively of the total variable costs for each category .The Study shows that 95% of the production changes in the sample is due to both the quantity of fry used in thousand units and the amount of feed used in tons which refers to the importance of fry and feed in the production process.
The fourth chapter deals with fish marketing and marketing efficiency in Egypt. It shows the characteristics of fish marketing which include all of the natural characteristics, Fish consumer and the main features of the supply and demand of fish. It also deals with some concepts of fish in Egypt including marketing channels and functions in addition to fish marketing institution.
For marketing efficiency and marketing margins, The results show that the share of the producer of Tilapia in one pound paid by consumer is about 85.6%, while that of wholesaler is 5.3% and that of the retailer is 9.1%, such distribution for muglidae fish is 81.9% for producer, 8.8% for wholesaler and 9.2% for retailers. For Catfish the distribution is 73.3%, 6.8% and 19.8% for producer, wholesaler and retailer respectively. For bargrus fish, the distribution of a pound paid by consumer is 79.4%, 4.7% and 15.8% for producer, wholesaler and retailer respectively.
The fifth chapter deals with foreign trade and fish consumption in Egypt during the study period. It deals with the evolution of exports and imports from the fish, as well as the factors affecting both exports and imports of Egyptian Fish. It shows that the most important factors affecting the Egyptian exports of fish are availability of domestic production of fish in thousand tons and the average per capita from availability of domestic consumption of fish in kg per year. For imports the most important factors are the average price per tons of fish imports in thousand pounds, and the availability of domestic production of fish in thousand tons, have also been exposed to some of the indicators of foreign trade for the Fish.
It also shows that increasing both the availability of domestic production and availability of consumption annually are equivalent to about 55.2, 56 thousand tons respectively and increase of the average consumption per capita available for consumption is from 9.7 kg in 1996, up to 19.7 kg in 2010 by the annual growth rate of about 6.4% of the average during the study period.
By studying the evolution of the fish gap during the period (1996-2007) of the study by divided it into two periods, in accordance with the form of scatter plot, It Shows stability in the average of fish gap during the two periods that amounted to about 199 thousand tons. It also grows at a steady rate during the years in each of the two periods amount 8.9% of average.
The study also deals with the social and economic determinants which affect the consumption of fish in Egypt. It shows that increasing average a real national income per capita annually equivalent to about 212.7 pounds. For the average annual consumer price of Fish, it grows equivalent to about 0.67 pounds annual and the reason for this lack of production capacity to meet the growing needs of the population of animal protein,
The study indicates the increase in consumer price of fish is affected by the increase of alternative proteins product such as meat, poultry, dairy and eggs during the study period. It shows a growth at an annual rate of around 9%, 8.1%, 7.6%, 7.2% respectively, of their average during the study period. While the price fish grows annually at a rate of about 5.6% of their average during the same period.