الفهرس 
AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lasers with ultrafast pulses have been developed to decrease the energy necessary to incise tissues and to decrease damage to surrounding tissues. (1) Femtosecond solid-state lasers are gaining more popularity in many fields of medicine.
They are already used in neurosurgery and dentistry. Now, femtosecond lasers also offer advantages for ophthalmologists, due to their precise performance and the fact that the cornea is transparent for the laser beam (in contrast to excimer laser beams).(2) Currently, five US Food and Drug Administration- approved laser systems are available on the market: IntraLase FS laser, Femtec, Femto LDV, VisuMax and WaveLight® FS200. All of these systems are based on the same working principle. (3) Now, surgeons can use the Femtec femtosecond laser to perform many different procedures and make more precise cuts than ever before from penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) to astigmatic keratotomy (AK). While the Femtec laser is similar to the IntraLase, it does have some special characteristics including a patented patient interface, which mimics corneal
curvature. As a result, the natural shape of the cornea can be maintained and less suction is needed when attaching the device to the eye than with the IntraLase. Because there is less suction on the eye, there is also less pressure inside the eye during the procedure. As a result, patients no longer experience vision blackouts during a procedure. However, the apability that most distinguishes it from other existing platforms is its potential to be used to perform intrastromal refractive surgery with no flap. (4, 5) Automated microkeratome lamellar keratoplasty remains the most popular technique for lamellar corneal surgery but the precision of the corneal cut at any corneal depth with the femtosecond laser is an important improvement in this technique. Donor lenticulae and corneal cuttings performed with the Femtec femtosecond laser can be used in the successful management of eyes requiring anterior lamellar keratoplasty. (6) One treatment for presbyopia that has garnered much attention is INTRACOR, or
intrastromal correction of presbyopia. Until recently, laser procedures for presbyopia correction required the creation of an opening into the cornea and removal of the epithelium to apply
treatment to the deeper stroma. However, the INTRACOR presbyopia treatment with the Femtec femtosecond laser changes that. It allows focusing the treatment directly into the stroma, without cutting the cornea or creating an intrastromal pocket. Additionally, this intrastromal correction does not require removal of the epithelium. Therefore, the structural integrity of the cornea is maintained. INTRACOR has a minimal rate of infection and promotes wound healing with a quick procedure time. (7)