الفهرس 
البيمارستانات في العصر الإسلامييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Islamic religion was interested in the science of medicine, for its importance to the Islamic society, that’s why it encouraged for learning and treating people by it. The science of medicine is associated by the presence of a place where the people go to find their treatment there; this place is known as ’’ the bimaristan ’’. The word bimaristan is a Persian word consists of two parts, the first is ’’bimar’’ which means the patient, while the second part is ’’istan’’ that means the place or the residence, so it means as a whole the place of patients, and in our modern definitions it means the hospitals. The bimaristans have been played a great role in the medical care of the Islamic society, that’s why rulers, governors and the people of goods were interested in building the maristans in different places of the Islamic world, asking by that the rewards from Allah. These maristans were filled with a great number of Muslims doctors who added to the science of the medicine by their knowledge and their discoveries as Ibn Sinaii, Ibn Al Nafis and Al Zahraoui, and others of the famous Muslim doctors.
The city of Damascus and Cairo were filled by a number of maristans in different periods of the Islamic ages, starting from the Umayyad period, the idea which shows how their Rulers and Governors were interested in building maristans in these two cities. But unfortunately the majority of these maristans were exposure to extinction - but the Arabic sources gave us some information about these maristans- and the only exists from these maristans were the maristan Al Nuri and Al Qaimari in Damascus, and Al Mansouri and Al Mouyyadi in Cairo.
Referring to the various reasons that make the founders to build these maristans - which is mentioned in the Arabic sources - they are as a whole returns to the desire of the founder to make good things for Allah sake, that’s why Nour Al din Mahmoud Ibn Zinky build many maristans one of them is the one that is found in Damascus, which is built at the year 549AH/1154AD in Al Hareeqa region at the southern side of the Oumayyad mosque. The maristan has a main façade which is the western façade that has the main entrance which leads inside the maristan through a durkah of a square shape. The maristan consists from inside of a central open courtyard that has rectangular shape, on the centre of it there is a fountain, and the open courtyard is surrounded by four Iwans, the largest one is the eastern iwan, each iwan of them is surrounded by two chambers, where these chambers are opened to the courtyard by eight doors.
from the years 646-656 AH/1248-1258 AD, The Prince Seif Al Din Al Qiamary one of the biggest princes of Al Salahiya built his maristan. The maristan has a main façade which is the northern façade that has the main entrance that leads inside the maristan through a small vestibule that looks like a small iwan (cidella). The maristan consists from inside of a rectangular central open courtyard, at its centre point has a fountain, while at the center to each side of the open courtyard we find an iwan that has a rectangular shape, the largest of them is the southern iwan. Each iwan of them is surrounded by two chambers that open on the courtyard by eight doors, in addition to these chambers there are another two chambers at the eastern and western corners of the Northern side of the maristan, where we can enter to these chambers through a door that is found on the two chambers surrounding the northern iwan, and also through the door which is found on the chambers that is surrounding the eastern and western iwan that is placed at the northern side from the two iwans.
The Sultan Al Mansour Qalawun has been built a big architectural group during the years 683-684AH/1284-1285AD, one of its structure is the maristan at the street of Al Muizz Li Din Allah. The big architectural group has a main façade which is the south eastern façade that has a great entrance that leads inside the building and its components of the mausoleum and the madrassa through a big vestibule, where at its end we find a door that gets through it into a square durkah, at the right hand side from entering this durkah we can see the section of the disorders people, which consists of two halls, one is specialized for men, while the other is specialized for the women. Returning to the durkah again at the left hand side from entering it we find a big vestibule that has at each side of it a number of terraces made from stone, and at the end of the vestibule there is a door that opens inside the great hall of the maristan.
The maristan Al Mansouri consists from inside of a rectangular central open courtyard at the centre of it was a fountain that is not found now, the courtyard is surrounded by four iwans that have a rectangular shape except the north eastern iwan which has a T shape. Each iwan of those has inside it a shadirwan , but the only exists now is one inside the south eastern iwan and the other is inside the north western iwan, in addition the only exists now from the four iwans are only three, where the south western iwan was exposure to extinction. At each side of the courtyard we can see 12 doors, the first one is that mentioned before that leads inside the maristan (the great hall), while the other doors leads to different chambers and halls of the maristan, where each has its function.
At the years 821-823AH/1418-1420AD, the Sultan Al Mouyad Shiekh built his maristan in Cairo city, which is placed on Al Koumi street on the remains of madrassa Al Ashraf Shaban Ibn Hussien, after Sulatn Faraj Ibn Barqouq demolished this madrassa , leaving its basis. The maristan has main façade which is the north eastern façade that has big entrance that leads through a big vestibule inside the maristan where we can see the components of the maristan from the mosque, the open rectangular arena that has a prayer niche, the hall of women, the hall of men, the five halls that are specialized for a particular kind of patients, and the pharmacy which is found at the end of the vestibule, in addition to the path and a well of water. The only exists of this maristan is the mosque, the great hall of men, the well of water.