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العنوان
EVALUATING THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SOME
ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST THE INDUCED FREE
RADICALS RESULTING from DIFFERENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS\
المؤلف
Kelany, Eman Gomaa Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Eman Gomaa Mohamed Kelany
مشرف / Farouk Mohamed El Tellawy
مشرف / Helmy Taha Omran
مناقش / Farouk Guindi Moawad
تاريخ النشر
2014.
عدد الصفحات
146P. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
العلوم الزراعية والبيولوجية
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2014
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - العلوم الزراعية البيئية
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to throw some light on the
compounds understudy as a source of antioxidant agents against the free
radicals originating from the environmental pollutions and their
prophylactic role against oxidative stress. A survey of 38substances
namely synthetic and natural compounds used in pharmaceutical
preparations and as a food was carried out. This part, however, is devoted
to study the antioxidant activity and scavenging capacity of these
substances to choose the best one for both types by using different model
systems.
1-FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
Free radical scavenging activity of some acid compounds on DPPH
radical
The obtained data proved that all compounds have free radical
scavenging activity against DPPH radical and this effect is dosedependent.
Ascorbic acid has the highest free radical scavenging activity
on DPPH radical.
Free radical scavenging activity of some flavonoids on DPPH radical
All compounds dose-dependently scavenged DPPH free radical.
Free radical scavenging of four compounds at concentration160 μg/ml
were ranked in the following order; catechin>qurecetin>rutin>silymarin.
These results suggest the potential activity of catechin, quercetin, rutin and
silymarin to prevent oxidative damage from free radical mediated
oxidation.
Free radical scavenging activity of some amines on DPPH radical
The concentrations of the samples could not completely remove
DPPH radical from the medium. The highest inhibition value
(20.65+0.28%) was obtained for ρ-phenylinedimine at 160 μg/ml μg/ml
concentrations. On the other hand ρ-nitro aniline had the lowest inhibition
values by 12.29+0.42% at 160 μg/ml.
Free radical scavenging activity of some phenols on DPPH radical
The entire test compounds dose-dependently scavenged DPPH free
radical. Among these compounds under investigation, catechol had the
highest hydrogen-donating capacity against DPPH radical by 22.31%,
whereas, resorcinol had the lowest free radical scavenging activity against
DPPH radical by 11.05% at 160 μg/ml.
In conclusion, it has been showed that catechin exerted the highest
free radical scavenging activity on DPPH radical.
2-DNA DAMAGE SYSTEM AND-DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
DEGRADA- TION SYSTEM
2.1-DNA DAMAGE SYSTEM
Effect of some acids on free radical mediated DNA-damage
All acids under investigation scavenged free radicals mediated
DNA-damage in dose-dependent manner. Ascorbic acid and gallic acid
had the highest scavenging effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA
damage by 95.98 and 95.5% at 160 μg/ml, respectively.
Effect of some flavonoids on free mediated DNA-damage
All flavonoids under investigation dose-dependently scavenged
hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage at concentration of 160 μg/ml. All
samples showed more than 50% scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical.
Catechin at concentration of 160 μg/ml has the highest scavenging effect
(97.5%) against hydroxyl radical, whereas, silymarin has the lowest effect
by 77.33% at160 μg/ml. The scavenging effect of samples were recorded
and found to be in the following order;
catechin>querectin>rutin>silymarin.
Effect of some amines on free radical mediated DNA-damage
All amines under investigation exerted hydroxyl radical
scavenging effect at concentration-dependent fashion. Among these
amines under investigation, ρ-phenylenediamine had the highest
inhibitory effect on hydroxyl radical by 19.50% at 160 μg/ml. On the other
hand, ρ-nitro aniline had the lowest inhibitory effect on hydroxyl radical
by 12.61% at160 μg/ml, respectively.
Effect of some phenols on free radical mediated DNA-damage
The highest scavenging activity (22.17%) was obtained for
catechol at 160 μg/ml concentration, whereas resorcinol had the lowest
scavenging values by 11.71% at 160 μg/ml.
2.1. 5-Effect of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, tocophereol, riboflavin,
selenium dioxide, biotin, ρ-hydroxycoumarin and coumarin on free
radical mediated DNA-damage
Samples were capable of scavenging hydroxyl radical in
concentration-dependent manner. The highest scavenging effect value
(73.9%) was obtained for tocopherol acetate, whereas the lowest value
(9.2%) was for 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde at 160 μg/ml.
It can be extracted from that catechin (97.5%) had the highest
scavenging value on hydroxyl radical mediated DNA-damage.
2.2-DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR DEGRADATION SYSTEM
Inhibitory effect of some acids against hydroxyl radical mediated
deoxyribose degradation
All acids dose-dependently inhibited deoxyribose degradation by
scavenge of hydroxyl radical. Gallic acid had the highest inhibitory effect
(94.3%) at the concentration of 160μg/ml. In addition, ascorbic acid and
Caffeic acid exerted 88.5 and 91.1% on hydroxyl radical.
Inhibitory effect of some flavonoids against hydroxyl radical mediated
deoxyribose degradation
Catechin had the highest inhibitory effect (95.2%) against
hydroxyl radical at 160 μg/ml concentration. All flavonoids under
investigation showed more than 50% inhibitory effect on deoxyribosedegradation.
Inhibitory effect of some amines against hydroxyl radical medical
deoxyribose degradation
All amines under investigation had inhibitory effect on hydroxyl
radical mediated deoxyribose degradation and this effect was in a dosedependent
manner. Ρ-Phenylenediamine had the highest value (18.89%),
whereas p-nitraniline had the lowest one (9.18%).
Inhibitory effect of some phenols against hydroxyl radical mediated
deoxyribose degradation
All samples were capable of scavenging hydroxyl radical in a
dose-dependent manner. Catechol showed the highest inhibitory effect
by23.25% at 160 μg/ml on hydroxyl radical mediated deoxyribose
degradation.
2.2.5-Inhibitory effect of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, tocophereol,
riboflavin, selenium dioxide, biotin, ρ-hydroxycoumarin and
coumarin against hydroxyl radical deoxyribose degradation
Tocopherol-acetate had the highest inhibitory effect on hydroxyl
radical by 59.3%, whereas 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde had the lowest value
10.8% at 160 μg/ml.
In conclusion, catechin and quercetin had the highest inhibitory
value at 160 μg/ml.
3-Ferrous/Ascorbate model system which produced hydroxyl radical
and induced lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria
3.1-Liver mitochondria
Effect of some acids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria
As shown, ascorbic acid had the highest inhibition effect against
hydroxyl radical by 55.0, 82.8, 89.1 and 93.6% at 20, 40, 80, and 160
μg/ml, respectively. On the other hand salicylic acid had the lowest effect
against hydroxyl radical by 9.1, 15.6, 18.2, 28.3 at 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml,
respectively.
Effect of some flavonoids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria
There was a direct increase in the inhibitory effect of compound
under investigation with the increase in the concentration of these
compounds. The most potent effect was for the high concentration of
qurecetin and catechin by 96.3% and 96.15% at 160 μg/ml, while the
lowest inhibitory effect was for silymarin by 86.9 % at 160 μg/ml
compared with control.
Effect of some amines on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria
It has shown that ρ-phenylinediamine and o-phenylenediamine had
the highest inhibitory effect against ferrous/ascorbate mode system by
26.57% and 25.41%, respectively at 160μg/ml in computation with
control.
Effect of some phenols on ferrous/ascorbate model system induced
lipid peroxidation in mitochondria.
It has been showed that the inhibition % was increased by
increasing the concentration. The results showed that catechol exerted the
highest inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation by 26.5% at 160μg/ml.
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3.1.5-Effect of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, tocopherol, riboflavin,
selenium dioxide biotin, ρ-hydroxycoumarin and coumarin on
ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver
mitochondria
The inhibitory effect was increased by increasing the
concentration. It has shown that tocopherol acetate by four concentrations
had the highest inhibition effect against lipid peroxidation by 89.3% at 160
μg/ml. However, ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde exerted the lowest effect against
lipid peroxidation by 15.3% at 160 μg/ml.
In conclusion, it has been shown that quercetin, catechin and
rutin exerted the highest inhibition effect at 160 μg/ml against lipid
peroxidation in mitochondria induced by ferrous/ascorbate model system.
3.2-LIVER LYSOSOMES
Effect of some acids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in lysosomes.
The data revealed that, the four concentrations of ascorbic acid and
gallic acid exerted the highest inhibition effect against lipid peroxidation
in lysosomes by 54.4, 82.7, 89.2, 92.9 % and 57.3, 78.3, 89.6, 92.2% at
20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, respectively. However, salicylic acid had the lowest
inhibition effect by 8.9, 14.6, 19.8 and 27.3 % at 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml,
respectively.
Effect of some flavonoids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in lysosomes.
The results showed the comparative effects of four compounds by
four concentrations on lipid peroxidation in lysosomes. The tested
concentrations of qurcetein and rutin had the highest inhibitory effect by
96.9% and 96.6% at 160 μg/ml.
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Effect of some amines on ferrous/ ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in lysosomes.
All compounds increase the inhibition % by increasing the
concentration. Also, ρ-phenylinediamine had the highest inhibition effect
by 22.63%, at 160 μg/ml. In addition, o-phenylinediamine had highly
inhibition % by 21.69%, at 160 μg/ml against lipid peroxidation.
However, ρ-nitro aniline had the lowest inhibition effect by 15.82% at 160
μg //ml.
Effect of some phenols on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in lysosomes.
The inhibitory effect of caetchol exerted high increase by 6.05,
10.32, 16.30 and 24.99% at 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, respectively. However,
resorcinol had the lowest inhibition effect against lipid peroxidation by
6.05, 10.32, 11.30 and 13.99% at 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, respectively.
Effect of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, tocopherol, riboflavin, selenium
dioxide, biotin, ρ-hydroxycoumarin and coumarin on
ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver
lysosomes.
It has been showed that tocopherol-acetate exerted the highest
inhibition effect by 88.6% at 160 μg/ml against lipid peroxidation in
lysosomes, whereas ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed the lowest inhibition
effect against lipid peroxidation in lysosomes.
In conclusion qurecetin, catechin and rutin had the highest
inhibitory effect against LPO in lysosomes induced by ferrous/ascorbate
mode system.
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3.3-LIVER MICROSOMES
Effect of some acids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver microsomes.
. Gallic acid exerted the highest inhibitory effect on
lipidperoxidation in microsomes by 93.3% at 160 μg/ml, whereas, the high
dose of ρ-amino benzoic acid had the lowest inhibitory effect on
lipidperoxidation in microsomes by 32.2% at 160 μg/ml.
Effect of some flavonoids on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver microsomes
The results exerted that the inhibitory effect of flavonoids was
dose-dependent manner. A high dose of rutin and catechin had the
highest inhibitory effect against microtonal lipid peroxidation by 96.7,
96.5% at 160 μg/ml.
Effect of some amins on Fe2+/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver microsomes
It has shown that p- phenylinedinediamine and ophenylinedinediamine
had the highest inhibition effect lipid peroxidation
by 26.57% and25.41% respectively at 160 μg/ml.
Effect of some phenols on ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid
peroxidation in rat liver microsomes.
It has been showed that the high concentration of catechol exerted
the highest inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation in microsomes by
23.48% at 160 μg/ml.
3.3.5-Effect of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, tocophereol, riboflavin,
selenium dioxide, biotin, ρ-hydroxycoumarin and coumarin on
ferrous/ascorbate system induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver
microsomes.
There is a dose-dependent manner in all compounds under
investigation. The data concluded that tocopherol acetate had the highest
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inhibitory effect on ferrous/ascorbate induced LPO in microsomes by
88.2% at 160 μg/ml, whereas ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde had the lowest
inhibitory effect on ferrous/ascorbate by 16.0 at 160 μg/ml.
It could be concluded that rutin, catechin and qurectin had the
highest inhibitory effect against microsomes lipid peroxidation-induced by
ferrous/ascorbate model system.
4-Effect of ascorbic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, catechin and rutin on
cisplatin-induedlysosomal membrane damage
Acid phosphatase (AP)
The data showed the effects of ascorbic acid, quercetin, caffeic
acid, catechin and rutinby four doses (60, 120, 240, and 480 μg/ml) on
cisplatin-induced lysosomal membrane damage and acid phosphatase
release. Also, it has been revealed that the inhibitory effects of these
compounds were dose-dependent manner.
N- acetyl-glucosaminidase
The results showed that the high dose exerted a high inhibitory
effect on cisplatin induced free radical and the low dose had a low in
inhibitory effect on cisplatin. The high dose of catechin and caffeic acid
exerted highly decrease in β-N- acetyl-glucosaminidase enzymatic
activity.
β-galactosidase
The data revealed that, the enzymatic activity of β-galactosidase
was decreased under the effect of five compounds by four concentrations.
The results showed that the high concentration of quercetin, catechin and
rutin ameliorated the harmful effect of cisplatin by 86.7%.
In conclusion, it has been showed that catechin exerted the highest
free radical scavenging activity on DPPH radical and on hydroxyl
radical mediated DNA-damage. Also, catechin and qurecetin had the
highest inhibitory value on hydroxyl radical mediated deoxyribose
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degradation. Furthermore, Quercetin, catechin and rutin exerted the
highest inhibition effect at 160 μg/ml against lipid peroxidation in
mitochondria, microsomes and lysosomes induced by ferrous/ascorbate
model system. Ascorbic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, catechin and
rutin by four concentrations appeared to protect the lysosomal membrane
against cisplatin. The results of this study stated that the five compounds
could be taken with cisplatin to reduce its nephrotoxicity