الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of
alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) on the liver and kidney function tests and
the oxidative stress alteration induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2)
in male albino rats; moreover the microscopical examination for
liver was studied.
Throughout this study a total number of 48 healthy male
albino rats were subjected to experimentation for 30 days. The
animals were divided into 6 groups (8 rats for each group). All
rats fed on a balanced diet for 7 days for adaptation period on the
environmental conditions before starting the experiment.
The experimental groups were fed on diets either the balanced
diet as control, as well as fed on balanced diet plus sodium nitrite
(NaNO2) alone at (100mg/kg diet) or supplemented with different
doses of α-LA as the following:-
Group (1): fed on balanced diet (control group).
Group (2): fed on balanced diet plus NaNO2 at (100mg/kg diet)
(to induce toxicity).
Group (3): fed on balanced diet plus NaNO2 at (100mg/kg diet)
and supplemented by α-LA at a dose (100mg/kg diet).
Group (4): fed on balanced diet plus NaNO2 at (100mg/kg diet)
and supplemented by α-LA at a dose (200mg/kg diet).
Group (5): fed on balanced diet plus NaNO2 at (100mg/kg diet)
and supplemented by α-LA at a dose (300mg/kg diet).
Group (6): fed on balanced diet plus NaNO2 at (100mg/kg diet)
and supplemented by α-LA at a dose (400mg/kg diet). For 4
weeks.
After the end of the experiment, the anatomy and sampling were
done then assess some biochemical parameters as the following:
1. During the conditioning period and throughout the
experiment, animals were weighed weekly and food intake,
feed efficiency ratio (FER), absolute and relative weights
of liver, kidney, spleen and heart were calculated at end of
experiment.
2. Liver function tests including, liver enzymes activities such
as ALT, AST and ALP, also the tests including serum
bilirubin and albumin levels.
3. Kidney function tests including, urea and creatinine levels.
4. Oxidative stress as serum MDA and NO levels.
5. Enzymatic antioxidant as CAT and GPx activities.
6. Microscopical examination of liver sections for the
experimental groups.
The present study showed that:
1. A significant decrease in food intake, body weight, FER,
absolute and relative weights of liver, kidney, spleen and
heart in group of rats fed on NaNO2. While a significant
increase in food intake, body weight, FER, absolute and
relative weights of liver, kidney, spleen and heart were
observed in group of rats supplemented by α-LA at
400mg/kg diet followed by 300mg/kg diet of α-LA,
200mg/kg diet of α-LA and 100mg/kg diet of α-LA
supplementation.
2. A significant increase in serum of ALT, AST and ALP
activities and bilirubin levels (total & direct) than control in
group of rats fed on NaNO2, the percentage of change was
339.79%, 302.44%, 23.75% and (175% & 185.71%),
respectively in group of rats fed on NaNO2 when compared
with control group. But there were a significant decrease in
serum of ALT, AST and ALP activities and serum bilirubin
levels (total & direct) in all treated groups by α-LA than
NaNO2 group. Serum albumin level was significantly
decreased by -24.86% in group of rats fed on NaNO2 when
compared with control group. And there were significant
increase in serum albumin level in groups of rats fed on
α-LA than NaNO2 group. The most marked improvement
in liver function tests were observed in group of 400mg/kg
diet of α-LA followed by 300mg/kg diet of α-LA,
200mg/kg diet of α-LA and 100mg/kg diet of α-LA
supplementation.
3. A significantly increase in urea and creatinine
concentrations by 74.78% and 34.66% respectively, in
groups of rats fed on NaNO2 as compared to control group.
But there were a significantly decrease in urea and
creatinine concentrations in all treated groups by α-LA
(100mg , 200mg , 300mg and 400mg of α-LA/kg diet)
when compared to NaNO2 group. The most marked
improvement in kidney function tests were observed in
group of 400mg/kg diet of α-LA followed by 300mg/kg
diet of α-LA, 200mg/kg diet of α-LA and 100mg/kg diet of
α-LA supplementation.
4. A significant increase in serum NO and MDA levels than
control and treated groups to express a significant change
by 71.48% and 163.77%, respectively when compared with
control group. But there were a significant decrease in
serum NO and MDA levels in all treated groups by α-LA
than NaNO2 group. The most marked improvement in the
serum NO and MDA levels were observed in group of
400mg/kg diet of α-LA followed by 300mg/kg diet of
α-LA, 200mg/kg diet of α-LA and 100mg/kg diet of α-LA
supplementation.
5. A significant decrease in GPx and CAT activities in groups
of rats fed on NaNO2 than control and treated groups. The
plasma GPx and CAT activities decreased by -52.99% and
-43.23%, respectively, in groups of rats fed on NaNO2
when compared with control group. But administration of
α-LA at different doses causes a significant increase in the
activities of GPx and CAT than NaNO2 group. The most
marked improvement in the activities of enzymatic
antioxidants GPx and CAT were observed in group of
400mg/kg diet of α-LA followed by 300mg, 200mg and
100mg/kg diet of α-LA supplementation.
6. Microscopical examination of liver sections of rats fed on
NaNO2 showed congestion of the portal area, mononuclear
inflammatory infiltration cells were noted and steatosis in
the hepatocyte. The examined liver sections of rats fed on
100mg/kg diet of α-LA showed inflammatory cell
infiltrations and few focal necrosic areas. Liver sections of
rats fed on 200mg/kg diet of α-LA showed few fat droplets
in the hepatocyte. Liver sections of rats fed on 300mg/kg
diet of α-LA showed mild swelling in the hepatocyte in the
hepatocyte. Liver sections of rats fed on 400mg/kg diet of
α-LA showed, less abundant eosinophilic granules, and
markedly decreased tissue inflammation and markedly
decreased tissue inflammation. Thus it appeared that,
400mg/kg diet of α-LA enhanced the tissue liver damage,
reduction inflammatory reaction in compared with control
group.
This research showed that, α-LA is a potential
antioxidant against NaNO2 toxicity in rats.