الفهرس 
AIM OF WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The present study was carried out to investigate the
effects of oral administration of pomegranate juice and
risedronate sodium (Actonel) alone or in combination on
ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. A total number of 126
adult female Sprague Dawley rats divided into seven
groups each group contain 18 rats. After an acclimation
four groups were bilaterally ovariectomized and three
parallel control groups underwent sham operation. The
different treatment started at the same day of the surgical
operation for period of 8 weeks as follows:
Group (1) (Sham):
Operated control without removing ovaries.
Group (2) (Ovx):
Rats were underwent surgery to remove ovaries and kept
as ovariectomized group.
Group (3) (Movx):
Ovariectomized rats received pomegranate juice orally in a
dose of (3ml/kg/day).
Group (4) (Rovx):
Ovariectomized rats received risedronate sodium orally in
a dose of (3mg/kg/week).
Group (5) (R+M):
Ovariectomized rats treated with both orally pomegranate
juice (3ml/kg/day) and risedronate sodium (3mg/kg/week)
served as combined group.
Group (6) (Msham):
Sham operated control group received pomegranate juice
(3mg/kg/week).
Group (7) (Rsham):
Sham operated control group received risedronate sodium
(3mg/kg/week).
At the end of each interval 1st, 2nd and 3rd (2weeks,
4weeks and 8weeks) respectively the experiment rats were
sacrificed and serum was collected and used for estimation
of biochemical parameters; estradiol (E2), progesterone,
calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium,
ionized calcium Ca++, alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
phosphorous (P) and albumin (Alb). In addition, femur and
tibia bones were obtained and cleaned from the soft tissues.
The bones were allowed to airdry and determine the
volume and weight to get the bone density (BD). Ash
weight was measured then dissolved in 6N HCL and
measured for Ca content (mg/gm) by atomic spectrometry
to calculate bone mineral density (BMD).
The results of the present study as follows:
1- Ovariectomized group (ovx) showed a significant
decrease in serum (E2), progesterone, (CT), (BMD) and
(BD) of both femur and tibia. On the other hand induced a
significant increase in serum (PTH), total calcium (Ca),
ionized (Ca2+), (P), (Alb) and (ALP) compared with sham
control.
2- Treated groups with pomegranate (Movx) and combined
group treated with both pomegranate juice and risedronate
sodium (R+M-ovx) induced a significant increase in E2,
progesterone, BMD, BD and CT accompanied with a
significant decrease in (PTH), total calcium (Ca), ionized
(Ca2+), (P), (Alb) and (ALP) compared with (Ovx) group.
3- Treated group with risedronate sodium (Rovx) showed a
non significant increase in BMD (tibia), BD (femur), E2,
progesterone, on the other hand induced a significant
increase in ALP, P, Ca, Ca2+ and PTH compared with Ovx
group.
CONCLUSION
The present study provides a clear evidence that
pomegranate represent a novel approach to correct bone
turnover due to its rich content of polyphenols and
estrogens. The administration of pomegranate to
ovariectomized rats normalized bone mineral density and
bone density. Therefore, pomegranate is effective in
menopausal syndrome.