الفهرس 
Introduction.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 188 |  |  |
| | | from | 188 | | |
Abstract
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by
hyperglycemia due to absolute (type 1) or relative deficiency of
insulin (type 2). The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is
associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of
different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and
blood vessels. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to increase
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of
endogenous antioxidant.
The Present Study was planned to investigate the effects
of clove (50 mg/kg B.wt.), ginger (50 mg/kg B.wt.) and mixture
of them (25mg clove +25mg ginger /kg B.wt.) on diabetic rats.
Sixty four male adult albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain
were divided equally into eight groups, four healthy rat groups
and four diabetic rat groups. Diabetes was induced by
intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to provide a
hyperglycemia with a base line of blood glucose about 180
mg/dl. All rats fed on a balanced diet and received excess of
water for six weeks. The healthy rats divided into group as
normal control and three control groups received orally clove
and/or ginger extracts. The diabetic rats divided into group as
control and three diabetic groups received orally clove and/or
ginger extracts.
Food intake was determined day after day and the animals
were weighted weekly to monitor the body weight changes and
feed efficiency ratio (FER) was calculated. The relative
weight of organs (liver, kidney, heart and spleen) were also
determined. The following parameters (glucose, insulin, liver
glycogen, GSH, MDA, lipids profile, as well as liver and
kidney function tests) were measured.
Biological and biochemical results can be summarized as
follow:-
1-The biological evaluation indicated that, there were no
significant differences in the values of food intake between
healthy rat groups but, there were a significant between diabetic
rat groups .With respect to the values of body weight gain, it is
clear that it affected for far on the FER which appeared
significantly in all diabetic groups. Streptozotocin injection
caused a marked increase in the relative weight of liver, kidney,
heart and spleen by about 10.08%, 10%, 16.67%, 33.33%
respectively as compared to healthy control group. The
administration of clove and/or ginger extracts significantly
reduced the relative weight of these organs.
2-Hyperglycemia induced as diabetes mellitus strongly increase
levels of serum glucose by about 134.06% as compared to
healthy control group with significant (P<0.05) progressive
reduction in serum insulin level and liver glycogen content.
Administration of the tested herbs extracts to diabetic rats
showed a marked improvement in the levels of glucose, insulin
and liver glycogen.
3-The induction of diabetes caused a significant decrease in
GSH by about 39.63% and increase in MDA levels (4.10±0.29
μ mol/l vs. 2.14±0.14μ mol/l) when compared with healthy
control group. Oral administration of the tested herbs extracts to
diabetic rats showed a marked improvement in these levels.
4-With respect to the values of lipids profile measurements, it is
clear that diabetes caused a significant increase in all studied
lipids pattern except that of HDL-c. The increment reached
25.36%, 26.20%, 20.20%, 20.10% and 249.24% for TL, TC,
TAG, VLDL-c and LDL-c respectively in case of untreated
diabetic group as compared to the healthy placebo. On the other
hand, HDL-c was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in untreated
diabetic rats, it recorded 36.54±3.12 mg/dl equal to the ratio of
25.90% as compared to healthy control rats given placebo. Also
untreated diabetic rats recorded a significant increase in the
value of atherogenic index as compared with control placebo
(1.62±0.16 vs. 0.55±0.11 respectively). Oral administration of
clove and/or ginger extracts of diabetic rats reflected a
significant depletion in all parameters of lipids profile and
atherogenic index with an exception of good cholesterol
fraction (HDL-c) showed a significant increase when compared
with untreated diabetic rats.
5- The induction of diabetes caused a highly significant
increase in the activities of ALT and AST which showed
48.13±2.23 and 69.63±2.13U/L vs. 29.36±1.31 and 48.75±2.38
U/L, respectively as compared to healthy control. Moreover,
oral given of aqueous extracts of the tested herbs used in this
study to diabetic rats significantly exhibited lowering in the
biomarker of liver enzymes.
6- Intraperitoneally injection of STZ caused a significant
increase (P<0.05) in urea, creatinine and uric acid levels
and the increment reached 56.71%, 62.16% and 47.96%
respectively as compared to healthy control group. Oral
administration of the tested herb extracts to diabetic rats
significantly decrease the levels of all markers of renal
functions when compared with untreated diabetic rats, whereas
the decrease in urea was 21.91%, 20.01% and 22.22% as well
as creatinine 26.67%, 25% and 30% and similar uric acid
18.04%, 17.13% and 17.43% for diabetic groups which orally
received clove, ginger and mixture of them respectively.