الفهرس 
Morphological characteristicsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT IN BAHTEEM RESEARCH STATION, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER, EGYPT DURING 2007/2008, 2008/2009 GROWING SEASON FOR TWENTY FOUR FABA BEAN GENOTYPES AIMED TO INVESTIGATE MORPHOLOGICAL charACTERISTICS, YIELD, YIELD COMPONENT, GENETICS PARAMETERS, CORRELATION, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGY charACTERISTICS AND SDS –PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS FOR IDENTIFYING VARIOUS GERMPLASM (FIRST EXPERIMENT). AND SHUBRA EL-KHAYMAH, DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY, EGYPT DURING 2010/2011 SEASON FOR SEVEN GENOTYPES AIMED TO STUDY WATER DEFICIT EFFECT, CORRELATION AND SDS –PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS FOR EVALUATION VARIOUS GERMPLASM (SECOND EXPERIMENT).
THE FOLLOWING IS THE MAIN RESULTS OBTAINED
I- FRIST EXPERIMENT
1- Morphological characteristics :
The plant growth type of all faba bean landraces and check variety was indeterminate. Stem anthocyanin was different in tow season for all genotypes. tillering on high node revealed that all faba bean germplasm were no streaks. Time of flowering 50% was early in some faba bean genotypes and medium or late in other genotypes.
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high variation of faba bean germplasm for flower ground color , Flower intensity of streaks, leaflet shape, leaflet size ,Pod distribution, Pod surface reflectance , pod shape , pod angle , pod color , stem of color , seed color , seed shape, shape of tests. On the other hand, All of the studied faba bean genotypes were of the present wing melanin spot in flower, present stipule spot pigmentation in leaf and black pigmentation of hilum.
2-Growth, yield and yield components:
Significant variations were observed between grmplasm for plant height, no. of branches/plant , no. of leaflet/leaf , leaflet length, leaflet width , leaf area , first node length , time of flowering 50% , no. of flower /inflorescence, flower length , no. of pods/plant , no. of seeds/plant, no. of seeds/pod , seed Yield/plant (g) , seed index (%),biological yield/plant, straw yield/plant, harvest index compared check varieties. Six of the promising lines 2, 11,15,16,18 and 19 were significantly surpassed check varieties and the other lines in yield and its components.
3-Genetic parameters:
Genotypic (δ2 g) and phenotypic variance (δ2 ph) variance were gave high values estimated for leaf area then biological yield/plant and straw yield/plant. High heritability for time of flowering 50%97.36 %, pod length 95.75%, biological yield/plant 94.07% and straw yield/plant 92.87% indicate an additive gene action and, hence, possible traits improvement through selection moreover, low heritability values were detected for no. of seeds/pod 45.45%, first node length 59.19% and no. of branches/plant 61.68%. In the other side ,the PCV was higher than the GCV for straw yield/plant, no. of pods/plant and leaf area indicating that these characters were influenced by environment factors but decrease effect. However, the predict genetic advance (GA) exhibited considerable rang (0.45 to 21.53) leaf area followed by biological yield/plant and straw
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yield/plant expressed the highest estimates of genetic advanced. The estimated values of the expected genetic advances (GA %) showed high value for straw yield/plant and no. of pods/plant.
4 - Correlation studies:
Positive and highly significant correlations were found between seed yield/plant and each of plant height, no. of branches /plant, no. of pods/plant, no. of seed/ plant, biological yield and harvest index. But, Number of seed / pod, time of flowering 50% and straw yield/ plant were the only traits which showed that a negative correlation with seed yield/ plant.
5- Chemical and technological characteristics:
A. Chemical composition analysis
Moisture content gave the highest value was 10.45% while, the lowest one was 9.15 for line 6 and Misr 1 genotypes, respectively. Whereas, the line 20 was the highest of protein content 30.72%, while line 5 gave the lowest value 26.65 %. Results showed that the highest values of fat content were obtained for line 9 (2.05%) and line 19 (2.04%) while, the lowest value was found in line 7 (1.93%). The highest ash content was recorded for faba bean variety Giza 429(3.35%), whereas the lowest ash content was found for faba bean seeds line 11(3.00%). Line 5 (62.25%) was the highest value of carbohydrate content however, the lowest Carbohydrate content was obtained in seeds of line 20 (58.00%). However, the highest value was Giza 716 (157.43 mg/100g), whereas, line 2 had the lowest value (61.99 mg/100g) for tannin content. On the other hand, the highest value of phenols content was obtained for line 3 (51.02 mg/100g) while, the lowest value was found in line 10 (28.68 mg/100g).
B. Technological characters:
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Hydration coefficient before cooking of faba bean germplasm gave the highest value for line 10 (112.4%) while, the lowest values was obtained in seeds of Giza 429 and Giza 843 (61.90 and 74.50%, respectively).
Cotyledons % values of faba bean seeds germplasm were obtained for line 9 (88.30%) and line 20 (88.0%) while the lowest value was found in line 6 and 2(84.8 and 85.0%, respectively). Hulls% gave the highest value was line no. 6 (15.2%) and line no. 2 (14.9%) whereas, line no.9 and Giza 843 had the lowest values (11.7 and 11.9%, respectively). Cotyledons to hulls ratio of faba bean indicated that the line 3 was 8.14%, while line 6 and 2 gave the lowest values (5.58 and 5.71%, respectively). The highest Hydration coefficient after cooking % was recorded for faba bean line no. 11, 20 and 9 (199.7, 197.3 and 195.9%, respectively), whereas the lowest H.C.A% was found for faba bean seeds line 6 (145.6%). The highest value of total soluble solids content was obtained for line no. 11 (11.78%) while, the lowest value was found in Misr 1 (6.88 %). The highest stewing% was recorded for faba bean line no. 10, 11, and 17 and as well as variety Giza 843 were all 100% whereas, the lowest stewing% was found for faba bean seeds line no. 6 and 8 were 60%.
6- SDS -protein electrophoresis:
Twenty six polymorphic bands were detected with molecular weight ranging from 226.411 in genotypes 3, 10 and 15 to 6.542 KD in all genotypes (common band). There is a clear variation in the number of bands between genotypes ranged from 12 bands in 3 and 8 genotypes to 17 bands in genotype 16. The results indicated distinct differences in seed storage protein banding patterns between the various studied genotypes. There are five common bands that were found in all genotypes which have MW of 144.056, 95.851, 87.742, 10.846 and 6.542 KD. Some genotypes contained specific bands which could be used to identify and characterize them from other. The previous results indicated that SDS-
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PAGE of storage seed protein used in this study give clear identification of the tested genotypes. Each genotype has different number and/or position of bands.
II-Second experiment (water deficit)
This is experiment aimed to studied effect of skipping irrigation at tillering or flowering or pod development stages compare with normal irrigation on yield and yield components, correlation coefficient and SDS-protein electrophoresis of some faba bean germplasm selection.
1- Water deficit effect :
A- Effect of preventing irrigation treatments
The effect of irrigation prevention at tillering , flowering and pod development stages as well as normal irrigation on yield and its components of faba bean genotypes were different significant.
Results indicated that significant differences between four irrigation Plant pods weight, no. of seeds/plant, seed yield/plant, biological yield/plant and harvest index. On the other hand, no. of seeds/pod, time of flowering 50% ,seed index and straw yield/plant, the effects for these trait not great enough to reach the 5% level of significant between all treatments during season. But , variation was decreased between control and pod development stage.
B- Effect of faba bean genotypes:
SIGNIFICANT VARIATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN GENOTYPES FOR ALL STUDIED charACTERS DURING SEASON. THE THREE PROMISING LINES NO. 16, 18 AND 19 (47.53, 46.38 AND 43.97 G, RESPECTIVELY ) GAVE THE HIGHEST VALUES
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FOR SEED YIELD/ PLANT AND SIGNIFICANTLY SUPERIOR THAN THE OTHER REMAINDER LINES AS WELL AS THE CHECK VARIETY. ON THE OTHER HAND, GIZA 716 (35.92 G) GAVE THE LOWEST SEED YIELD/PLANT.
C- Response of faba bean genotypes at various prevent irrigation treatments:
Results showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and genotypes was significantly affected for plant height, no. of pods/ plant, plant pods weight, no.of seeds/plant, seed yield/ plant, straw yield/ plant, biological yield/ plant and harvest index. But, no.of branches/plant, no.of seeds/pod, time of flowering 50% and seed index were insignificant. On the other hand, the most lines gave highest and significantly values for these characters than the check variety under four irrigation treatments. Line 16 followed by 19,18 and 11 had the highest and significantly values than the other lines and check varieties.
2- Correlation studies:
Positive and highly significant correlations were found between seed yield/plant and each of plant height, pod weight / plant, no. of pods / plant, no. of seed / plant and biological yield under normal irrigation. While, the correlation between seed yield / plant and that of no. of pods/ plant, pods weight / plant, no. of seed / plant, biological yield/ plant and harvest index were positive and highly significant under drought condition. This indicates that the possibility of improving seed yield/plant could attain through the selection for one or more of these traits since it was occurred under spectrum of ecological conditions such as drought.
3- SDS -protein electrophoresis:
Protein fractionation was done for the grown faba bean genotypes at the preventing irrigation treatments as well as control. Results indicated
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that protein molecular weight (MW) ranged from 253.341 to 16.557 KD. and Twenty two polymorphic bands. Number and location of bands varied according to the growing faba bean genotypes and water stress level. Some proteins increased or decreased and diminished at different bands for the grown faba bean genotypes as water stress increased from preventing irrigation at flowering stage and tillering stage but, number of bands were not different for control and preventing irrigation at pod development in all genotypes