الفهرس 
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Abstract
Femoral neck fractures in elderly diabetic patients are
complicated injuries that require medical, social and surgical
treatment and consume considerable healthcare resources.
Femoral neck fractures occur predominantly as low energy
trauma in elderly. Approximately 90% of neck femur in this
population result from a simple fall. The high prevalence of these
injuries in the elderly is related to numerous factors, including
osteoporosis and associated medical comorbidites.
The current overall 1- year mortality after hip fracture in the
elderly population ranges from 12% to 36%.
Hemiarthroplasty unipolar or bipolar still one of stronge
option in surgical treatment of fracture neck femur in elderly patient
to restore the function and early weight bearing and less expensive
,time counsuming surgery if compared with T.H.A.
Diabetic patients with both type 1,2 DM are major risk group
undergoing major surgery like hemiartroplasty in fracture neck
femur.
Diabetes mellitus as chronic disease has pathological effect
on blood vessels ,nerves , muscle and bone density specially in type
1 DM due to decrease insulin secreation which is an important
anabolic agent in young age. So that diabetes mellitus is very serious
comorbid condition in orthopedic surgical patient which lead to
delayed wound healing , peripheral neuropathy , functional activity of the muscles and risk of bone fracture specially in hip joint of
elderly diabetic patients.
Adequate preparation to control blood sugar pre,intra and
postoperative is very important to decrease the risk of complications
post-operative delayed wound healing ,blood loss and superficial
,deep infection which may be the cause of revision surgery.
Control blood sugar below 200 mg/dl considered safe zone in
diabetic patients who undergoing major surgery like hemiarthroplasty
to decease the risk of postoperative infection.
Glycosylated heamoglobin considered important guide mark
for evaluation blood sugar in previous three months in diabetic
patient undergoing major orthopedic surgery like hemiarthroplasty.
More than 7% indicate that the blood sugar out of control and need
assessment before surgery.