الفهرس 
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Abstract
The incidence or infection were in rats trapped from cattle farms, dairy plants and governmental hospitals with a rate of 15, 16 and 13.3 respectively .
-Laboratory control of rats and mice by anticoagulants rodenticides, brodifacoum, difenacoum and bromadiolone in concentrations of 0.005% and 0.05% were applied and the results proved that brodifacoum was more efficient than difenacoum and bromadiolone . Higher concentration gave higher efficacy than lower one in all species of rats and mice tinder experimentation . Sex was of no significance in the control experiment . P.M. finding on the killed rats and mice w4C diffused internal hemorrhage .
-Laboratory control of rats and mice by the acute poison zinc phosphide 3%, 4% and 5% proved that 5% gave rapid kill than the other 2 concentration . The encouraging result of higher concentration must be considered in field application due to the development of bait-shyness . P.M. were congestion of liver, spleen and kidney; heart contained dark coloured blood and stomach content had garlic odour.
-Ultrasonic Waves device failed to keep rats and mice away from food under laboratory conditions; consumption of food was stopped during the period of first two days, while increased gradually during the subsequent clays . Nervous manifestation, disturbance, noise, tendency to escape skin scratch, fight and cannibalism were noticed in the tested rats and mice in the 1 sl clay of the experiment . In the 2 nd day, signs of fear, stay quiet at a corner and easy to catch . No change in behaviour were seen after this critical period to rodents .
-Field control of rats and mice were tried by the chemical rodenticides the results in brodifacoum 0.005% were 92.1%, 86.36% and 92.30% in Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegius and Mus museums respectively . In difenacoum 0.005% achieved
87.94%, 78% and 71,42% reduction in population of Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus respectively. In bromadiolone 0.005% achieved 86.26%, 74.57% and 72.72% in Rattus rattus , Rattus norvegicus & Mus musculus respectively, and in zinc phosphide 3% achieved 88.65%, 93.97% and 85.71% in case of Rattus rattus,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus respectively .
-Percent of control reached a peak (100%) in the infested building with Rattus rattus, Rattus iorvegicus and Mus musculus after application of poison baiting 0.005% brodifacoum followed by poison baiting 3% zinc phosphide .
-Efficient trapping needs skill and labor from the results of trapping experiments . Factors studied were the distance between the traps, 20 meters apart produced 100% trapping; cleaning of the traps proved that washing with hot water and soap and disinfected with phenolex 5% obtained 100% capturing; covering of the traps increased the percentage of the trapping. Trapping by highly cleaned, disinfected and covered traps 20 meters apart was highly efficient produced 92.3%, 85.88% and 84.85% rediiction in Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus respectively.
-Ultrasonic waves device failed to repel or deter rats and mice in the field application.