الفهرس 
Gross Anatomy of the PancreasOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women. Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose in its early stages. At the time of diagnosis, 52% of all patients have distant disease and 26% have regional spread. The relative 1-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is only 24% and overall 5-year survival is 5%.
MDCT is used for preoperative evaluation of Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, since it couples good spatial resolution with wide anatomic coverage and thus allows comprehensive local and distant disease assessment in a single session.
MDCTA enables the rapid acquisition of thin-slice (0.5mm) high-resolution images of the pancreas and abdominal arteries during the phase of maximal contrast enhancement. The portal venous phase of imaging is the ideal phase for detecting liver metastases, as well as for creating reconstructed images of the venous structures, which might be essential for surgical planning. It also provides a second look at the pancreas, which can occasionally be useful.
Assessment of unresectability based on arterial and venous involvement is also made using a combination of axial source images and postprocessed rendered images. Involvement or encasement of the celiac trunk, hepatic artery, proximal gastroduodenal artery, SMA, portal vein or SMV makes a tumor unresectable. With axial images, a periarterial cuff of soft tissue can be directly visualized.
MDCTA data sets can be used to depict local arterial anatomy. The relationship of arteries to the adjacent organs, and the biliary tree is displayed so that the course of an aberrant vessel is clearly delineated. Curved planar reformations can delineate the curved vascular and bile duct structures and display their whole course in one cross-section image. The volumetric acquisition of data allows 3D (volume rendering) reconstructions to be created. Apart from determining resectability, documentation of arterial variants is relevant to the surgeon as an aid to operative planning.