الفهرس 
Anticancer DrugsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer known as a malignant neoplasm, is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. While cancer can affect people of all ages, the risk of developing cancer generally increases with age.
Methotrexate is abbreviated MTX and formerly known as amethopterin. It is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug. Methotrexate (MTX), an antineoplastic drug, which is widely prescribed for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, various types of sarcomas, carcinomas, breast and testicular cancers.
Endoxan is a drug known as cyclophasmide and used to treat various cancerous dieases (breast and ovarian cansers and leukaemia), disorders of the immune system (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis).Chemotherapy affects not only tumor cells but also rapidly dividing host cells such as crypt cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
The use of plants for the prevention of diseases is an ancient practice. Recently, there is a direction to use plants, herbs, composition of fruits, vegetables and grains in medicinal manufactures for their medicinal and protection abilities against many illnesses especially in case of cancer patients. In vitro studies demonstrate that certain micronutrients may reduce DNA oxidation.
The aim of the work:
The aim of the present study using three different natural products as an attempt to minimize the damaging the effect of chemotherapy. In the present study we used Omega -3 Plus, Apple and Psyllium were used.
In this study different methods were used to evaluate the cytogentic effect of the used anticancer drugs.
1-Cytogenetic studies:
Detection of chromosomal aberrations (structural, numerical and mitotic index).
2-Molecular studies:
Detection of DNA damage and measurement of apoptosis by DNA extraction in mice liver.
3- Sperm head abnormalities: Were studied.
This study revealed many results which could be summarized as follows:
1-The cytogenetic study:
a-Both structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomes were observed in this study as well as mitotic index. The highest numbers of stuructural aberrations that were found chromatide deletion, a centric fragments, chromosomal ring, centromeric attenuation of chromatid, centric fusion, end to end association, chromatid gaps and breaks.
b-This study revealed many of numerical aberrations as ( Monosomy, trisomy and polyploidy).It was cleared that mice treated with anticancer drugs only were the most affected and revealed considerable cytogenetic aberrations, while the groups treated with anticancer drugs and natural products together indicated decrease in the mean values of chromosome aberrations.
c-Also the result indicated that the natural products decrease the mitotic index which was increased by the anticancer drugs.
2- Molecular study:
This study indicated that DNA damage, apoptosis and necrosis were observed following the treatment with anticancer drugs in comparing with control group, this measured by gel electrophoresis.
3-Sperm head abnormalities:
Treatment with (Methotrexate and Endoxan)showed numerous abnormalities in sperm head. The most observed abnormalities were without hook, banana and amorphous shape.
Animals treated with natural showed great reduction in the sperm head abnormalities.
In conclusion the present data indicated that the natural products ( Omega-3Plus, Apple and Psyllium) have protective action against the hazardous effects of the anticancer drugs ( Methotrexate