الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study revealed that 7 (0.58%) out of 1202 examined intestinal contents of turkeys were infected with Cryptosporidium species by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. These 7 samples were collected from El-Esmaylia governorate. The morphology of the detected Cryptosporidium species was described. Examination of tissue samples collected from 250 turkeys by M.Z.N stain revealed that all samples were negative for Cryptosporidium species infection. Incidence of Cryptosporidium species in 100 poults by 3 diagnostic tests revealed that 6 (6%) poults were positive with Cryptosporidium species by M.Z.N stain while 15 (16%) were positive with enzyme immunoassay Ridascreen and 20 (20%) were positive by rainbow calf scour 4 strips. Incidence of Cryptosporidium species by using M.Z.N stain in 250 turkeys intestinal contents was 7 (2.8%). Examination of sera of the same 250 turkeys by ELISA revealed that 28 (11.2%) had antibodies against Cryptosporidia. Studying the host specificity of Cryptosporidium species revealed that Cryptosporidium species oocysts could be transmitted from naturally infected chickens to poults and from poults to poults but not transmitted from naturally infected calves to poults. Characterization of different Cryptosporidium species oocysts antigens (C. baileyi chickens origin, C. baileyi from chickens passed in poults, Cryptosporidium poults origin and C. parvum calves origin) using SDS gel electrophoresis showed 7 bands with molecular weight ranged from 17-75 KDa, 7 bands (15-75 KDa), 8 bands (15-75 KDa) and 8 bands (17-75 KDa) respectively. Immunoblotting of the fractionated 4 antigens against positive sera of poults experimentally infected with C. baileyi isolated from poults were reacted with antigen of C. baileyi chickens origin showed 6 bands at molecular weight (MW) 55, 52, 35, 28, 20 and 14 KDa. Reacting of C. baileyi turkeys origin on nitrocellulose (NC) strip versus infected sera revealed 4 specific reacting bands corresponding to MW standard at 105, 75, 26 and 22 KDa. Three specific bands were recorded in treatment of NC strip carrying fractionated C. baileyi of chickens after passing in turkey. These three bands were corresponding to MW standard at 110, 75 and 67 KDa. Three bands were recorded after treatment of C. parvum (calves origin) versus the same previous sera at MW corresponding to 63, 18 and >11 KDa. In the same time two false reacting bands were recorded after treatment of corresponding strips with negative sera at MW level of 63 and >11 KDa. Histopathological changes from intestine and bursa of fabricius of poults experimentally infected with Cryptosporidia were described. Incidence of Eimeria species oocysts was 525 (43.68 %) out of 1202 intestinal contents of turkeys by using concentration floatation technique. The detected Eimeria species were Eimeria adenoeides, E. meleagridis, E.meleagrimitis, E.innocua and E.subrotunda. The morphology of the detected Eimeria species was described. The rate of infection with different species of Eimeria at different age was 75.12 % (1week-2 month), 40.62% (2-4 months) and 15.90% (4-6 months). The seasonal incidence of Eimeria species infection was higher during winter season (53.68 %) while the lowest one was 34.34% in spring. Investigation of 250 turkeys intestinal contents from different governorates by concentration floatation technique revealed that 128 (51.2%) of them were infected with Eimeria species. The sera of these 250 turkeys were also examined by ELISA and revealed that 167(66.8%) had antibodies against Eimeria species.