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Abstract
Children bear a significant burden of psychiatric illness. There is mounting evidence that many if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first appear in childhood or adolescence (Costello and Egger, 2005).
For many parents and health care providers of young children with behavioral or developmental problems, choosing an effective and acceptable treatment is difficult. Parents contending with their child psychiatric illness are often faced with the reality of limited benefits from biomedical medical approaches. Although some of them gain some relief, others still experience a considerable number of symptoms because of poor response to these treatments. Under these circumstances, physicians are not surprised that patients might abandon biomedical medicine, and this may Advocates using of complementary and alternative medicine, thus, the increased interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies seems to run counter to the recent advances in modern medicine However, most patients who select CAM therapies do not stop seeing their physicians or using prescribed interventions. Instead, they combine the approaches in hopes of achieving the best outcome possible. (Chan et al, 2005).
Physicians caring for those with chronic illness may want to be aware of particular CAM treatments their patients might use. This can help to guide discussions about CAM and encourage learning more about potential benefits and risks of specific therapies (Crone et al, 2005).
The intention of this review is to understand the current status of different
complementary and alternative medicine modalities for psychiatric disorders in
children and adolescents, that may not yet fully examined or endorsed by the institutions of the biomedicine.
A wide range of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are used for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents ,the most Common are dietary supplements, herbal regimens, homeopathy, and biofeedback (Ernst et al, 1999).
There have been few recent prevalence studies about CAM usage by children and adolescents with psychiatric Disorders (Wong and Smith, 2006).
Emerging research and clinical findings suggest that many CAM treatments used for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are probably effective and safe. However, the quality of evidence for most CAM therapies used to self-treat or treat mental health problems is uneven at best (Janet, 2007).
Recent studies indicate that children’s diets are not balanced and only 1% meets food pyramid Guidelines (Fletcher and Fairfield, 2002).
Manifestations of nutritional deficiencies include psychiatric symptoms, and single nutrients such as omega -3 fatty acids and folate have received attention in epidemiologic and treatment studies targeting mental health ( Marlene and freeman, 2010).
Current research findings supporting the use of omega-3 EFAs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are promising but not compelling. Large double-blind, placebo-controlled studies designed to
determine optimum doses and combinations of omega-3 (or omega-6) EFAs in specific psychiatric disorders are needed, also continued basic research on omega-3 EFAs will help to clarify the putative mechanism(s) of action of specific fatty acids and differentiate between the relative contributions of genetic
predisposition versus dietary deficiencies in the pathogenesis of disparate psychiatric syndromes (Germano et al, 2007).
There is little empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of dietary restrictions in treating child psychiatric disorders (Chan et al, 2005).
Although some children will have food sensitivities or food allergies that cause alterations in their mood or behavior as about 6-10% of children have either allergies or sensitivities to food and about 1% cannot tolerate gluten (Bischoff, 2007).
Several mind-body therapies are commonly used for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, biofeedback is a popular complementary mind-body therapy. Positive effects for its use have been noted in numerous open studies (Othmer, 2005).
The comparative benefits and risks of biomedical and CAM treatments for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents have not been clearly established, and at present there are no evidence-based or expert consensus guidelines for the use of CAM treatments alone or in combination with biomedical treatments. However, these very problems underscore the necessity
for rigorous clinical trial evaluation and data review for the diverse therapies that are regarded as being alternative or complementary (Janet, 2007).
Physicians have traditionally perceived CAM treatments with skepticism and distrust. Lack of sufficient double-blind, placebo controlled studies is one reason for this viewpoint. Nonetheless, recent surveys suggest that physician attitudes may be changing (Crone et al, 2005).