الفهرس 
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Abstract
~~~Rihility ~tudy of Agricultural
t10c \),:1 rli7,,’1tion in Honofia Governorate
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t I I • • tit • • I I I • • • t • • • • • • I I I •
GAllrrnlly ~p0nl~jng , t h» !’;g,yptian -”’p;ricultural structure
is c hnr-ac teri7.,p.0 by smo l.L holdings nnd thir:;phenomena is quite
evid en t in Hono ria (~ovorno rate • Il’herefore ,F.:e;yptfaces a set
of problems tn Lhp ~[,riClllturnl sector 8nd she adopts some
techniqnes to overcome rouch problems • It has dawned upon her
that the di.rcr.t nllO imlllt=:’diantre;ricultural development relies
upon the ~Gricul lured deve Lo pmerrt (vertical development). Egypt
has to enter the era of mechanizetl agriculture in all governaTdtes
and in Monofia in .porticulnr •
In the Las t yoars of the present decade ,agricultural
mechanization has bocome the first and most important thing to
think of in nlnnn lng for the F:e;yptianagricul tural development
and the Government is hie;hly concerned in it. Besides, agricultural
mechanizRtioll represents a field of co-operation between the
,
Egyntian GOV er-nnie nt nun 111 t erna tional authori ties nnd orga.nizations
such rl,R tho. Ar;riculturlEl mechDnization project ’financed by
the Intel’nntJ.onnl Honetnry Fund (I.N.F.) anli implementedi in Honofia
f”lonofi~fiovp.rnoratc hns got an enormous Allotment in the
5-year p.Lan (1982-198’1 ) and wm-; one 0 f the two governorates in
which t he I.rt.F.’s pro j oc t vms implemented. ’fherefore ,this research
aims at investigating the feasibility study of the agricultural
mechanization in Monofia Governorate •
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This study ApplioG 2 methods in displayipg facts and
drawing conclusions. Those 2 methods are the descriptive
analysis and L11C qUrll1litivc analysis • It depends upon
2 kindG a f dn try : Iht a collcc ted from govennmcn tal ,nongavcrnmen
tnl :111tho r l.tir:r~ , r0 f0~’C!lCeRt J\rabic Rnn foroic;n
scientific np0.cl’lllZl)rl poriodicnls »nd field data collected
by the work!;r through llersonnl mcetin~8 with fnrmers selected
at random Henof nllrl~hcbin El Koum districts in Manoria
GfJvernorate •
’rho stwly lInn shown that most agricultural nro cesses are
still carried out traditionally or in a mixed way except for
prepeJrine; 1”0(1 before rlnntinf” irrigation ,harvest and pes~
con trol and tIliG meanrs tha t t ho Egyptian agriculture and the
Monof1an in purt1culnr undergoes a transition period from the
traditional methods to advanced ones. It applies using both
labourers rmd. nnimals simultaneously with using some of the
mechanical tools in some aGricultural procesf5es but not
entirely as in the ~~rlv:l,nceadgriculture •
On mC’I[mri-nc;the nc~l(: 0 f uGing au tomatic and mechanical
powerc Ln 1’10 no flo Governoratp. , i t w~,s evident that mechanical
methods were used io performing Rll agricultural processes for
cotton 20X ,11% for m~ize ,13% for wheat, 17% for colver. As
for using mech’,nicRl me thods for 83Ch agricultural process for
the l8st crops , it W;1S 72 % for plowing , 27% for. rolling ,11%
for ridging ,20 ~ for irrigntion ,0.4% for transportation. These
percentages indicate the wide-spread application of mechanical
methods in Monofta Governorate •
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The study has cl:lrified the relationahip between the
agricultural economic resource~ in Monofia Governorate and
the agricultural mnchnnization and the importance of the’
latter in upgrndLng l.m.d. efficiency and betterine;its main
character~sticR rl8 18nd is the eSGential factor in determining
the possibli tics to raise the produc·t:.iornate and to use
efficiently chemical and organic fertilizers and both
irrigation ond dr-aLnog e operations. It stressed the importance
of the ngricultural mechnnization in rationalizing irrigation
water use to rench the optimal benefit. It also put
a greot deal of emphasis on the importance of the agricultural
mechanization in performing the various agricultural tasKs to
avoid the highly incrensing wages of agricultural labourers due
to acute shortage during last years •
Investigation form especially designed for this purpose
has been used. The snmple included 200 wheat and soya beans
farms and the worker has sorted the cultivable land in each
village selected in the aforesaid districts. The sample was
distributed among districts and villages in proportion to the
number of farms and total area cultivated.
On examining such percentages and their importance for
production elements : i.e. mechanical ,animal,or human elements
for wheat and soya bean farms according to the holdings incl.uded
in this study , it was evident that the highest percentage for
using mechanlcal methods was in the 1st holding and the more
we use machines in larger holdings , the less we depend upon
traditional methods of production •
If we study the effect of agricultural mechanization on
the average costG of wheat pnd soya beans according the holdings
of the sample fnrms t it will be clear that the average costs
decline when the holdings increase for wheat which clarifies
the distuict o f f’ce t of mecharrl.ozt.Lon on increasing the
efficiency of holdings and reducing the costs at the same time •
On compar i.ng using mechanical methods and tractitional
ones in performing irrigation t harvesting ,winnowing and also’
transporting the final product of crop t ohe found. that the
average cost of mech~nization of agricultural operations is
less than that depend. on human/animal labour. Therefore t
mechaniza.tion of t he afore-said operations reduces the average
costs.
In studying the economic efficiency of mechanizing the
sample farms concerning wheat and soyabean according to the
holdings, the results denote that the highest outcome /farm
f’o. r wheat was that of the fourth holding whereas the first was
the Len st one (~nd this can be attributed to using mechanical
elements in the former nnd traditional elements (human/animal)
in the Lot tnr. ’I’ho r eeu’Lts also show that the highest interest
on the c~pital invested in whe~t WAS in the fourth holdine and
the lear;t wrlf~Ln the fj.r0t ono ,for the sune re-’J_sons. Similar.lyt
the higher,tin teres t on t.ne c apa tal Lnv ected was t.ha t of the
fourth hold ing nnd the l8,u:;twas in the 2nd holding •
In 8tudyinc tho economic efficiency of mechanizing the
agr-Lcul, t.ural.procesces for wheat and soyabcans on the sample
f’nr-ms illHo uo f’La using 11113lysesto determine the outcome of
each monetClry unit spont on mechanizing every agricultural
processesof both cropG being studied , it h:lsdawned upon
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us that only f’o ur- nr:riculturnl procesGes ” -preparing l:lnctbefore
cui tLva tio n , II’lrvan ting ,throBhing , winnowing ” for wheat have
economic feasibility nnd the rest of the processes are not of
economic feasibility according to income and profit criteria •
fl.n for Goyn1Jctltlf> ,only -on-e -pr-oc-es-s mechanical peat control is econolll.Lcnlly f(>f~ihl(; • and this may be attributed to the
hiGh cou t.. 0 r tt!r>cll:’nizinlj t}WGC processes for soyabeana [IS
well ::;If; to r,evc1’,’11 other factors •
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