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Abstract
Tuberculosis is the most common world-wide cause of mortality from infectious disease. Globally, 9.2 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths from TB occurred in 2006 (139 per 100 000 population), including 4.1 million new smear-positive cases (44% of the total), of which 0.7 million cases and 0.2 million deaths were in HIV-positive people (8% of the total). This is an increase from 9.1 million cases in 2005, due to population growth. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and there are 8 to 10 million new active cases of TB each year (Floyd et al., 2008).
While in Egypt WHO estimated an incidence rate of 25 cases per 100,000 population, a prevalence rate of 32 cases per 100.000 population and a mortality rate of 3 cases per 100.000 population (Dye et al., 2007).