الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The present study was conducted on three strains of T. annulata piroplasms isolated m New-Valley, Qena and El-Gharbia provinces which represents three different graphical regions in Egypt to approach strain characterization and serotyping of 7’. nnulata using three different methods.
From immunological aspect, the result of Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) revealed oss immunity between the three studied isolates. The cross protection test can not fferentiate between the 3 different isolates of T. annulata. Only differences in major and minor polypeptide bands were detected by analysis of extracted piroplasm proteins of 7’. annulata using SDS-polyaciylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results obtained by SDS-gels were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR identified different polymorphic bands between the isolated Theileria annulata strains of New-Valley, Qena and El-Gharbia provinces. These results may indicate to the presence of phenotypic diversity among the three parasite isolates of Egyptian 7’. annulata.
Six male Friesian calves were used for the present study and divided into 3 groups group “I” vaccinated by 7’. annulata inactivated vaccine only; group “II” vaccinated by 7’ annulata inactivated vaccine plus Freunds adjuvant while group “ifi” was left as a non vaccinated negative control.