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Abstract
Shistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the blood flukes Schistosoma mansoni, S.haematobillm, S.japonicllm, S.intercaLatllm and S.mekongi. It is currently timated that 779 million people are at risk of infection, with 207 million people being ected. The annual mortality rate exceeds 200,000 people, and the estimated burden of e disease is between 1.7 and 4.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DAL Ys) lost each ar. However, a recent meta-analysis suggests that the tme burden of schistosomiasis ight be significantly higher.
Female CD-l Swiss albino mice, 8 weeks in age, from 18 to 22 gm in weight and fected percutaneously by 100 Shistosoma mansoni cercariae, mice were purchased from e Schistosome Biologic Supply Center, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute (Giza, gypt). Mice were divided into 16 groups, each consisting of 10 mice.
Tri-clabendazole groups (TCBZ): 9 subgroups from I to IX infected and treated with different schedules of tri-clabendazole. Dose: 120 mglkg body weight.
Praziquantel groups (PZQ):4 subgroups Xa,b,c,d infected and treated with different schedules of praziquantel. Dose: 600 mglkg body weight.
Control groups: 3 subgroups Xla,b,c infected untreated mice matching the infection schedules.
Normal control group: Uninfected untreated group (1111).
Assessment of the effect of chemotherapy:
Parasitological study:
Stool examination: commenced 35 days post infection and continued until mice were sacrificed (stool examination was done daily for 31 days). Number of eggs per gram stool was estimated for each group of mice, stool examination was done daily.
Mice were killed by cervical dislocation two weeks after the last dose of treatment, and worms were recovered from the hepatic and portomesenteric vessels using the perfusion technique.
Oogram pattern
After perfusion, the small intestine was separated and transferred to a Petri dish. Three pieces each of 1cm in length were cut, and opened longitudinally, rinsed in saline, slightly dried on filter paper, and then placed between two slides. The fragments were examined by low power microscopy, the stages of ova were recorded, and the mean number of various stages was calculated for each mouse.
C- Tissue egg load
The number of eggs/gram of tissue was determined by weighing 0.3 g of liver and small intestine from each mouse and digested overnight in 5 ml KOH (5%), after complete digestion the samples were vortexed and 3 aliquots of 100 llL each were examined microscopically and ova were counted.