الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cement is the hydraulic product of calcination of argillac eous material supplying silica with calcareous material containing lime at klinkering temperature (1400 - 1450oC). Occupational exp osure to Portland cement and its related types presents main health problems due to its abrassive, hygroscopic and alkaline properties, as well as its content of trace elements particularly hexavalent chromium, cobalt and nickel. Exposure to airborne cement dust is the main hazard in the cement manufacturing operations, while in the building and construction trades exposure is mainly to wet cement. The review of the literature relevant to the different health effects encountered among workers manufacturing or handling cement revealed that, chronic non-specific respiratory diseases are the most prevalent respiratory conditions among cement manufacturing workers.