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Abstract
For a long time, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was an experimental procedure associated with high transplant related morbidity and mortality, so it was offered only for patients with terminal malignancies who had no other options for cure. However, with improved patient selection, advances in supportive, improved prevention of graft versus host disease, the introduction of mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells, and the innovation of reduced intensity conditioning regimens; the results of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have continued to improve. Thereby, bone marrow transplantation is now applied to a long list of non malignant diseases with a wide range of results depending on the disease, the type of transplant, and the stage of the disease. For some of the diseases HSCT has proven to be the most effective therapy, whereas for others it is the only curative treatment. The aim of this work is to thoroughly evaluate the role of HSCT in the treatment of different non malignant diseases and to place such an aggressive approach in the algorithm of their management.