الفهرس 
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Abstract
The menstrual cycle results from the actions of hypothalamic, and ovarian hormones upon the components of the reproductive system. The menstrual pattern may be normal Le. regular monthly bleeding or abnormal Le. has many types of irregularities such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The paramenstrual period especially in the late luteal phase shows some changes either physically or emotionally. These changes must be relieved by the onset of menstruation. This is what is called Premenstrual syndrome. This study was initiated aiming at studying the menstrual pattern among the Alexandria University female students. Also to study the different technological factors contributing for menstrual disorders and assessing the psychological state of the female students at the University female st~dents. Also to study the different ecological factors contributing for menstrual disorders and premenstrual syndrome and assessing the psychological state of the female students at the University of Alexandria. - This research studied 900 girls at the different levels of education at different colleges, 3 theoretical (commerce, law and education) and 3 practical (medicine, science and agriculture. For the execution of this work, an interviewing questionnaire was constructed covering a variety of items concerning the personal and familial characteristics of the students. Also the menstrual history and the PMS symptoms were asked for. A battery of Psychological tests was executed including assessment of anxiety, depression, self esteem, life events and stress. An anticipatory guidance for the students suffering from severe PMS and menstrual disorders was performed. The results obtained in this study could be summarized in the following items: . The majority of the studied sample has a normal menstrual pattern but also the majority complain from PMS symptoms. . By step wise Logistic Regression analysis of the effect of different ecological factors on the menstrual pattern, it was found that: . medical problems, anxiety, self esteem, obesity, the students negative attitude towards menstruation and not playing sports are the most important ecological factors contributing for irregularities is the cycle length. .Anxiety is the only factor affecting the duration of’bleeding. . Age of menarche, SES and the student’s negative attitude towards menstruation are the main factors affecting the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. . On the other hand by step wise Multiple regression of the effect of different ecological factors on the PMS symptoms, it was found that depression, life events, not playing sports, anxiety and the student’s negative attitude towards menstruation are the most important factors affecting the PMS. . There was no significant. difference between the students of theoretical menstrual and practical colleges regarding the regularity of the pattern, but a significant difference between them is present regarding dysmenorrhea and some PMS symptoms which are found more among the students of the practical colleges. . Anticipatory guidance is very important in this period of adolescence and it has a significant effect in improving the PMS symptoms among the students suffering from it. To improve the abnormal menstrual pattern and PMS symptoms of the students and for an attempt to minimize them, the following recommendations were given for that study. 1. National survey to assess the illiterate mothers and educational campaigns to educate these mothers and to inform them about the drawbacks of illiteracy. - 2. Enough books and magazines about menstruation and its problems must be available at the level of the school and University libraries. 3. Support and advice at the period of adolescence is essential. This must be taught at the levels of home, school teachers and nurse. 4. At the University level, effort must be done to alleviate some of the student’s stress e.g. faculty relationships with the students, organizational changes as having exams on separate days instead of having them all together would help mitigate their stress. 5. The student health services office at the university must be opened enough hours to enable the students to easily seek help as menstrual pains and PMS symptoms frequently occur during the university work hours. 6. Encouraging playing sports for the female students at the universities, sporting clubs and schools and declaring its importance in alleviating some psychological problems and hence menstrual irregualrities and PMS. This can be done through mass media, news and magazines. 7. Health education of the mothers to prepare their daughters before menarche and educate them about the healthy habits during menstruation. This can be done through mass media and MCH centers. 8. Improvement of the socioeconomic standards as it plays a great role in the prevention of menstrual irregularities. and PMS. 9. Collection of information and researches about the actual etiology of PMS and the number of sufferers and great effort must be done to minimize the physical and psychological symptoms of it.^leng