الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 258 |  |  |
| | | from | 258 | | |
Abstract
Water is a precious resource essential for the well being of all living
organisms. However, water is under potential severe threats from all human
activities. Deteriorating water quality is a particular threat in countries with
scarce water resources as the case of Egypt.
The streams in Egypt currently suffer from increasing pollution caused by
the discharging of agricultural drainage, untreated or partially treated
domestic and industrial wastewater. The alternative appropriate decision for
a particular situation depends on many factors, among which the type of
discharge is an important one. Hence, this study presentrs a well organised
information system for the analysis of water quality in different water
bodies. The system allows for review and persentation of water quality data,
use of water quality hydraulic model, and application of water quality
indices. This information system provides the decision maker with the
information and analysis necessary for decision taking.
Diverse amount of required information of the changing variables affects
any decision-making. Therefore, a water quality management information
system is designed and implemented as a tool for helping decision-makers to
identify pollution problems and their effects on water quality.
The Water Quality Management Information System (WQMIS) is
constructed to store data required model input for streams and sources of
pollution. Numerical model and sub-modules help in assessing and
predicting the situation of the water quality status under current and future
conditions.
The water quality database revealed that pollution assessment of the streams
could be carried out easily by applying the assessment module. This module
links the information of chemical characteristics of the discharged effluent from industrial and domestic sources with chemical characteristics of the
streams subject to pollution.
In addition, comparing the water quality measurements and model results
with the permissible limits of water for different uses could be made.
A numerical model is constructed to clarify cause-effect relationships
between pollutant loads and environmental conditions and to simulate the
impact of remedial actions on water quality parameters. El-Fayoum area is
selected as a case study for applying the WQMIS and El-Batts drain is
examined. The BOD, IDS and N1Lt concentrations along the drain as a
result of the wastewater discharges from the existing wastewater plants into
the drain are simulated. The model is used to examine the level of BOD and
TDS concentrations resulting from several scenarios. Sometimes problems
occur due to the malfunction of wastewater treatment plants discharging into
water bodies.
The WQMlS is presented by developing a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
The information system is used GIS for visualization. The GUI linked the
database and numerical model in simple form to assist the decision-maker
analyzing the data. Several data entry screens are designed to allow for user
input of the collected information in an appropriate and feasible database
table. Reporting and queries were also considered as main function of the
database structure and designed to permit viewing of data and performing
simple statistical analysis in a proper format. Using of ORACLE application
makes the proposed management system powerful; in the that it supurted
multi-task, multi-user applications, and manage huge ammount of data
efficiently. Also, using ArcView software for analysing the digitized the
geo-referenced data helps in presenting the output in a suitable format for
decision making. Based on the results of this study, the developed WQMIS
can be used as a tool to quality management decision-making and resources
allocation, to achieve designated water quality objectives.