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Abstract Recent years have noticed a great increase in the services needed for the design of major sea defenses and coast protection works to solve coast problems. As an important aspect in the design of shore improvement measures, is the effect resulting, on the beach, from placing walls or any other defenses in the zone reached by wave and current action. In many cases, such structures may produce sever scour and loss of the beach at the toe of the structure. The change in bed profile may be considered among the menaces of nature which may cause damage to the existing onshore structures. Coastal engineering can be defined as the art of applying civil engineering techniques to solve the oceanic problems, and it is the collective term ecompassing most of the engineering activities related to works along the ’coast. (Figure 1-1) Among the fundamental problems of coastal engineering are the water movements along a coast, the interaction between moving water, and loose beach |