الفهرس 
GeneralOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 252 |  |  |
| | | from | 252 | | |
Abstract
Cairo, the over crowded city has a special case of construction
development plans either for mending the historical structures that suffer
from the destructive effects of high groundwater levels, or building new
sophisticated underground projects i.e. Subway Metro, Underground
Garages, Tunnels ... etc. The nature of soil gives it special characteristics due
to the existence of water bearing alluvial layer, which in some location
reaches 60m in depth underlain by sand and gravel. Moreover, the
groundwater table usually exists at shallow depths. The design of
underground structures in such locations usually involves a comprehensive
study of the seepage aspects through them aiming at reducing the effect of
these aspects on them. Moreover, proceeding in any excavation works
usually encounters one of the most complicated problems that is seepage,
which needs adequate solutions. Also lowering the groundwater level under
construction area may cause settlement to the nearby existing buildings.
Accordingly, special seepage control techniques are badly needed in order to
guarantee a successful and safe underground project. from this point of view
the seepage phenomenon will be numerically studied aiming at finding the
optimum way that achieves a permanent sufficient control for its destructive
effects.