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Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible loss of
neural tissue over time, so the key in dealing with this disease is early
detection of its presence or progression, with the rapid initiation of
appropriate treatment.
Many methods have been developed in the past years, aiming for
earlier detection of glaucoma and more accurate follow up.
This essay discusses the most important recent diagnostic methods.
Example of these methods is the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) assessment
as by the Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (CSLO), which
improves the ability to obtain good quality images with no need for pupil
dilatation and clear media. It offers a lot of useful disc and cup parameters.
We discussed also those methods used in assessment of the RNFL, as
the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), which allows a living histology
to the retinal layers up to 10 microns of resolution, and the Scanning Laser
Polarimetry (SLP) which allows real-time measuring of the RNFL thickness.
In addition to a device that allows having a retinal mapping what is called
Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA).
Concerning the visual field testing, we discussed the new techniques
in perimetry as the SWAP (Short Wave Automated Perimetry), the
Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT), the Tendency Oriented Perimetry
(TOP), the Motion Detection Perimetry (MAP), the High Pass Resolution
Perimetry, the Acuity Perimetry (AP), and the Pattern Discrimination
Perimetry (PDP). These methods offered earlier detection of glaucomatous
damage than the classic achromatic perimetry.
The electrophysiological tests showed a big revolution, so we
discussed some of the recent tests as mfVEP (multifocal Visually evoked
potential), which is sensitive to early glaucomatous effects.
In addition this essay gave some focus on clinical
(ophthalmoscopically) assessment of the optic nerve head and photographic
techniques (stereoscopic, serial and digital imaging).