الفهرس 
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Abstract
The term nephrosis was introduced to designate a renal lesion characterized by fatty degeneration of tubular epith¬elium and essentially normal appearing glomeruli and to dis-tingush this lesion from the inflammatory renal diseases known as nephritis. The clinical manifestations of nephrosl were recognised to be heavy proteinuria , hypoproteinenria , and edema, ( This specific renal disease is designated by se¬veral terms : Lipoid nephrosis , nil lesion , ”and minimal
(1,2} changes glomerulopathy ).
After introduction of the term nephrosis , it was subse¬quently recognised that other histopathologic lesions of the kidney were associated with the clinical manifestation orig¬inally attributed to the pathologic diagnosis nephrosis , and this lead to the introduction of the term nephrotic syn¬drome. So nephrotic syndrome means the clinical and labora-tary consequence of hypoproteinemic edema in addition to massive proteinuria and frequently hyperlipidemia,
Pathophysiology and clinical manifestation?_• 1- Proteinuria :
In healthy adult , only 50 to 150 mg of protein appears in the urine daily as trace amount of plasma albumin
immunoglobulins , light chains and transferrin , also small
( 4 amounts of glycoproteins probably of renal tubular origin.