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Abstract
The desirable implant prognosis depends on many factors such as proper case selection, strict adherence to the surgical technique of implant installation and selection of the proper implant type, shape and dimensions in relation to the quantity and quality of bone housing the implant as well as the load applied during service.
Fixtures are available in different implant dimensions “length and diameter”. Proper understanding of the amount of stress (magnitude and direction) and the stress distribution patterns of the forces applied to the implant must be studied carefully to achieve the desirable implant prognosis.
Many studies were conducted to study the stresses induced by the implant in various conditions, using either the strain gauge technique (1-11), photoelastic material (12-19) or the Finite Element Method (FEM) (20-53).
The Finite Element Analysis offers several advantages which overcome the limitations of the strain gauge technique and/or the photoelastic materials technique. These advantages include accurate representation of complex geometries, easy model modification and ability to study the internal state of stress which can not be achieved by other methods (24).
The growing dental implant market offers implants of various designs and dimensions, the selection of the proper implant diameter was merely based upon anatomic limitations, which are the width of bone to accept the widest diameter that can be used and/or the inaccessibility to use one long implant so multiple short but wider implants were used instead.