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Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) is considered one of the most important cereal crops in the world being used for many purposes such as malting and brewing industry, animal feeding, bread making as is it or by mixing with wheat flour in some areas, some human food and beverages and many other uses.
Barley has been recognized as an adapted crop to adverse conditions and could survive and grow satisfactory under such condition than several other crops.
Annual cultivated area of barley, in Egypt, is variable especially in the rainfad areas, according to the amount of rainfall i.e., in 1995 season, the barley cultivated area was 188140 ha, while in 1996 the cultivated barley area was reduced to be 44520 ha, (Annual Report of Nile Valley and Red Sea Project, 1997) with about 76% decrease. This was due to the severe drought stress occurred in 1996 season.
To increase barley production in Egypt more efforts should be directed to improve cultural methods such as mineral and biofertilization. ..etc.
In Egypt and Libya, the increase in consumption of animal products have resulted in a sharp rise in the demand or barley as animal feed, especially for sheep and goats. Therefore there is a need to raise productivity of barley.
Nutrition is essential for plant life and yield, therefore mineral fertilization is a common agronomic practice that leads to improving productivity. Mineral fertilization includes several elements, however, nitrogen fertilization was the macroelement that used in fertilization.