الفهرس 
acknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 338 |  |  |
| | | from | 338 | | |
Abstract
This study aimed at answer4ing the following questions:
1. would the bone regenerated under a GBR membrane mature and reach in quality and quantity the bone regenerated in response to an autologous bone graft which is considered as the gold standard in bone grafting?
2. would the GBR regenerated bone be capable of integrating with a titanium endosseous implant placed to restore the missing teeth in the surgically created defect?
3. what is the effect of immediate loading of the implant on the bone density and bone quality when compared to adjacent submerged implant?
our experimental study involved a pilot study in which the first and second premolars were extracted bilaterally from 2 dogs followed immediately by the creation of the defect and the grafting procedure. The results however were not satisfactory and the membrane sites were exposed due to tension involved in primarily closing the wound and lack of keratinized gingiva.