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Abstract
A semi-numerical model is developed to investigate the effect of the change in several parameters on the design weight of the armor layer stone unit of submerged rubble mound breakwater. The model is based on the experimental work performed by EI¬Kamhawy 1995 at faculty of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Flow through the porous media of the breakwater body is studied using Forchheimer and extended Forchheimer equations in order to calculate the pore velocity and acceleration along and inside the breakwater cross section at different locations and at any time step through out the whole time period of the wave. Hydrodynamic forces acting on the armor layer units during the wave attack are calculated using the well known Morrison equations, these forces are drag and inertia forces. Drag and inertia forces are calculated using the calculated values of the pore water velocities and accelerations. The uplift force is calculated using the concluded equation in the work of EI-Kamhawy 1995. The weight of the armor layer stone unit at a certain location in the breakwater cross section is designed to withstand the hydrodynamic forces exerted on the armor unit through different modes of failure such as forward and backward sliding, forward and backward rolling and uplift. A computer program is preformed, using VISUAL BASIC 6 programming language, to execute the whole calculation procedure of the semi-numerical model and represent the output results and charts needed to carry out the parametric study and analysis. The effect of the incident wave height, wave period, submergence ratio and water depth on the design weight is studied. Design equations are developed to calculate the design weight of the armor layer stone units; each equation is specified for a specific value of the submergence ratio. A practical cross section for the submerged rubble mound breakwater is suggested to give the optimum design with the least possible cost.