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Abstract
This thesis includes three parts; the 1st part is a descriptive and documentary
accompanied with applied studies for some Egyptian Botanic Gardens (EBGs), and cacti and
succulents. It was carried out in Orman BG (Giza), Zohria Trial Garden, Al-Azhar Park
(Cairo), BG Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Alex. Uinv., Antoniades, and Al-Nozha Gardens
(Alex.), Egypt, during 2004-2007. The objectives were (1) Case study from some EBGs; data
were collected using ”Botanic Garden Questionnaire” to explore the opinions of EBGs
directors and responsibles. (2) Documentary study on the cultivated cacti and succulents in
these EBGs; data were collected during several visits to EBGs for recording plants at its
present status and photographs were taken for documented taxa. (3) Future of cacti and
succulents study; data were collected using questionnaire for visitors of Spring Flower’s
Exhibition 2007. Frequencies and percentages were used for data analysis. The characteristics
and definition of botanic gardens (BGs), gardens in Holy Q’uran, organizations working in
BGs, distribution, number, types and activities of BGs, the role of BGs in conservation, the
current situation of threatened cacti and succulents and the history and description of some
EBGs were reviewed. From results and discussion, it can concluded that EBGs need
reviewing the present status in comparison with the implementation of the “International
Agenda for BG in Conservation”. There are necessities to find out a new ”Egyptian Botanic
Garden” for collecting the dispersal endemic plants, interspecific, intraspecific, of natives and
naturalized which are distributed over a vast area compromising a wide ecological variation
and diverse gardens in the country. The 2nd part contains a pot experiment was conducted in
the two successive seasons 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 at the Expt. Nursery of the Orn. Hort.
Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt., with the aim of investigating the tolerance of
sisal plant (Agave sisalana) to different levels of salinity with irrigation water [0, 1000, 2000,
3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 ppm as NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight)]. In addition to
estimate the effect of different fertilization treatments, [unfertilized, organic fertilization (50
g compost / pot), chemical fertilizer (NPK) (2g / pot), and compost plus NPK fertilizer], on
reducing the unfavorable reflections of salinity on vegetative growth, chemical composition
and anatomical structure. The recorded results indicated that increasing salinity levels
decreased vegetative parameters. The chemical composition and anatomical studies supported
and explained the recorded reduction of morphological traits under investigation due to
salinity treatments. It may be concluded that Agave sisalana plants tolerates salinity in
irrigation water till 4000 ppm concentration, meanwhile, decreases were remarkable at
salinity levels of 6000 and 7000 ppm. On the other hand, the fertilization treatments reduced,
to some extent, the negative effect of salinity. The 3rd part conducted with the aim of
examining the effect of six salinity concentrations in irrigating water [0, 500, 1000, 1500,
2000 and 2500 ppm as NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight)] on seed germination, seedlings
survival percentage and anatomical characters of Aloe striata and Ferocactus hamatacanthus
plants. Best percentages of seed germination characters and seedlings survival were obtained
with control, increase in salinity progressively decresed these percentages. The anatomical
studies confirmed these results