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Abstract
This research was conducted to study the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the bioengineered alveolar bone in fresh extraction sockets, aiming to improve the mechanical properties of dental implants recipient sites.
The work consisted of three stages:
I. Preparation of a porous root form scaffold.
II. Isolation and seeding of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells onto the scaffold.
III. Extraction of the first premolar of white New Zealand rabbit bilaterally and implantation of the polymer/cells construct in the left socket and the polymer tube alone in the right socket, then scarifying the animal at two, four and six weeks and retrieving the constructs for evaluation of their dynamic mechanical characteristics using the complex modulus as an index.
The present study utilized the 50/50 PLGA biodegradable polymer to form porous root form scaffolds using the solvent casting/particulate leaching/compression molding technique. The scaffolds were then characterized using the following test:
1. Structural analysis by SEM.
2. Degradation and mass loss.
3. Dynamic compression analysis.
4. Porosity measurement.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rabbit bone marrow were then isolated and seeded onto the porous scaffold and characterized by SEM.
Under a general anesthetic the first premolars were extracted bilaterally, the right extraction socket received the polymer tube as a control group and the left socket received the polymer / cells construct as the test group.
After a time interval of two, four and six weeks, animals were sacrificed, the explants retrieved and tested in the dynamic mechanical analyzer using the parallel plate attachments, applying a static load of 4000 mN and an increasing dynamic load starting from 0 mN to 4000 mN at a rate of 250 mN per minute.