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Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
Sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) is an important oil seed crop in the world and Egypt. It is raised as an irrigated crop during the summer season. Its agronomic produces are required to be standardized for realizing the yield potential. Among them, nitrogen fertilization organic-biofertilization and plant population are the most important factors in determining the yield.
Sesame may be the oldest cultivated oil seed crop. Sesame seed is a rich source of oil and protein contents. Seeds contain more than 50% of an excellent edible oil. In Egypt, the oil production meets only about 30% of local oil consumption. Recently, to excess such gap oil crops such as sesame has attracted special attention. Therefore, it is of great importance to increase total production of sesame seed. This could be achieved by increasing the cultivated area, using high yielding varieties and/or improving the agronomic practices.
Since light distribution in the field is an important source energy captured for photosynthesis and as a control factor of numerous growth processes, thus the plant density in the field is one of the most important aspects in energy utilization for dry matter production, which in turn affects the crop yield.
Biofertilization which can be more appropriately called microbial inoculations are preparations contain living strains of organisms applied to soil seeds and/or compost with the objective of increasing the number of such micro-organisms and accelerate certain microbial processes. Recently, a number of different biofertilizer containing various genera of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria are introduced such bacteria, can indirectly provide plants with the biological fixed N in their bodies after decrease and decay. In addition, the exudes of such micro-organisms include hormones like substances and chelating agents which increase surface area of roots, availability of some nutrients and acquisition nutrients by plants (Subba Rao, 1981).
Accordingly, the application of biofertiliers, especially those of bacteria origin, together with the inorganic N-fertilizer with the objective of minimizing utilization of mineral N-fertilizer is possible.
Therefore, the objective of the present work were to study the response of sesame yield and quality to planting density, bio-fertilization and nitrogen application.