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Abstract
Carbohydrates present in diet are in the form of mono-saccharides (glucose, galactose and fructose), disaccharides (maltose, lactose and sucrose) or polysaccharides (starch and cellulose). In the mouth, part of the starch is converted to maltose by salivary amylase. In the small intestine, the pancreatic amylase converts the rest of the starch into maltose and isomaltose, then by intestinal disaccharidases, maltose and other disaccharides are converted to glucose, galactose and fructose which are the end products of carbohydrates digestion.Absorption of carbohydrates take place by Simple diffusion,Facilitated transport,Co-transport (active transport) The way of production of energy from glucose is by oxidation of glucose.The major pathways of glucose oxidation which are mainly for energy production are Glycolysis which is a series of biochemical reactions by which glucose is converted to pyruvate in aerobic condition or converted to lactate in anaerobic condition.Under aerobic conditions one molecule of glucose gives 8 ATP molecules +2 pyruvate molecules which enter citric acid cycle.