الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
a) Spinal deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children. It has a wide range of causes. The most common entities are idiopathic scoliosis, postural roundback and Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Given the consequences of untreated spinal deformities which include progressive worsening, pain, adverse effects on pulmonary function, significant disability and loss of economic status in adulthood, makes early diagnosis and prevention imperative. Spinal deformities detection through screening of school children is a technique that has been popularized over the last few decades. Screening programs promote a better understanding and heightened awareness of this disease and acceptance of the treatment methods by the public. The present study was carried out to fulfill the following aims: 1. Determine the prevalence of spinal deformities among school children in Alexandria. 2. Study the types of spinal deformities among those children. 3. Identify potentially related determinants of spinal deformities. Through a cross-sectional approach, a total of 600 school children were enrolled by using proportion allocation technique. School children in the three educational levels were selected from all districts in Alexandria; 146 from Montazah, 150 from Sharq, 112 from Wasat, 68 from Gharb, 67 from Amreya, 32 from Gomrok and 25 from Borg El-Arab. The study population were interviewed through a pre-designed interview questionnaire about personal and socioeconomic data, behavioral habits, scholastic achievement, medical history, hearing acuity, other associated factors such as heredity and chronic muscular fatigue. Anthropometric measurements including weight and height were recorded according to procedure of Jellife. Clinical examination included testing for visual acuity, walk test, visual inspection of the back and extremities for deformities, flat feet or congenital anomalies and Adam’s forward bending test. Radiological examination of the detected cases was performed at the School Students’ hospital for Health Insurance. Classroom environment was evaluated by qualification of illumination and ventilation through measurement of the floor and window areas in addition to subjective evaluation by the researcher. Measurement of fitness of the classroom furniture by type of desk, desk/seat relation, number of children per desk and seat space per child. In addition inquiry about number of children per class and presence of physical education lessons in the school. Ten school bags from each classroom were weighed.