INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW
HISTORICAL NOTE
NORMAL CEREBROVASCULAR ANATOMY AND COLLATERAL PATHWAYS OF THE CAROTID ARTERY
The Common Carotid Arteries
The External Cartoid Artery(ECA)
The Internal Cartoid Artery(ICA)
Pathology In Extracranial CEREBROVASCULAR Disease
Atherosclersis
Arterial Enogation ,Tortuousity and Kinking
Extrinsic Compression
Migraine
Doppler Physics
The Doppler Principle
Doppler Techniques
Clinical Applications
Normal ,AbNormal Sonographic Apperances in Extracranial Carotid System
Summary
References
الملخص العربى