الفهرس 
Anatomy of The Oesophagus and StomachOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is simply defined as ” excessive amount of body fat”; it is considered a great problem in both developed & developing nations (National center for Health statistics, 2002). The Most widely accepted measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI) which equals patient weight in Kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters. A normal BMI ranges from 18.5 – 24.5 Kg /m2 , overweight equals BMI between 25- 29.5 Kg/ m2 , obesity equals BMI 30 Kg/ m2 or higher ; This is further subdivided into class I with BMI between 30- 34. 9 Kg / m2 with high risk , class II obesity with BMI between 35 – 39.9 Kg / m2 with very high risk & obesity class III with BMI more than 40 Kg / m2 with extremely high risk. ( Herron , 2004 )
Morbid obesity can be defined also of being more than 100 pounds above ideal body weight for man & 80 pounds for women. ( Flegal et al. , 2002)
Causes of morbid obesity are Unknown, but probably include genetic factors, abnormalities of the neural and / or hormonal transmitters to the hypothalamus, dysfunction of hunger and / or satiety centers of the hypothalamic centers themselves & psychologically induced dependency drives. ( Stunkard et al. , 1986)ز