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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate specific spray techniques (conventional motor sprayer, Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D8-45, Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D5-45 and Taral motor sprayer aperture 2) for controlling plum scale insect, Parlatoria oleae on olive trees using Super Masrona oil at rate 1.5% alone or mixed with Sumithion (50% EC) at rate of 0.15%. Evaluation indicators included: bio-efficiency, spraying volume, qualitative deposits on the olive trees and sources of pollution including lost spray solution on ground and drifted spray. Results showed that coefficient of curling for branches, leaves and total olive tree were (0.06, 1.05 and 1.12, respectively). The highest relative values for residues on branches, leaves or lost spray solution on ground was significantly higher using conventional motor sprayer (24.18, 24.47 and 161.77, respectively), while the Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D5-45 gave the lowest lost spray solution on ground, medium value for residues on branches and the lowest spray residues on leaves (11.12, 14.65 and 12.15, respectively). Percentages reduction of pre-adult, adult and gravid females were the highest in the unit spray Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D8-45 using oil mixed with Sumithion (92.03, 89.55 and 97.75%, respectively), followed by Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D5-45 which revealed the highest mortality regardless using oil alone (59.12, 40.16 and 48.44%, respectively). Concerning the lost spray solution on ground (which is the source of soil pollution) and by drift (which is the source of air pollution), conventional motor sprayer gave the highest lost on the ground and by drift, followed by Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D8-45 and the lowest was Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D5-45.
Results assured the superiority of Taral motor sprayer with three Tee-jet nozzles D5-45 over the other three tested sprayers.