الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
he programme of this study included the character ization of some industrial wastewaters discharged into, Abu Kier drain wifhout treatment, and the effect of these wastes on the quality of the drain’s water. A sanitary survey was done to cover the industries located at Kafr EI-Dawaar and EI-Tabia areas. Character ization of the final wastes, as well as, the waste waters from the processes inside the industries were carried out. Another survey was carried out on stretch reached 15 kIns. of Abu Kier drain, started before the discharge of Kafr EI-Dawaar industries and terminated at EI-Tabia Pumping Station after the discharge of EI-Tabia indust rial wastes.. Seven sampling sites were chosen as a result of the survey. The practical work period extended from March 1979 t ill June 1980. All the samples were analysed physically and chemically and their statistical analyses were also doneo The results showed that, the drain was heavily polluted and the sources of its pollution were, agricul tural waste, wastewaters from Kafr EI-Daw8~T and EI-Tabia industrial complexes. Kafr EI-Dawaar complex contains: Misr Fine Spinning and Weaving COlnpany, Esma Dye factory, MisT Rayon Company and EI-Beida Dyers ’. Company (I These industries discharge their wastes into Abu Kier drain without adequate treatment, although the results of the analyses of their wastewaters display a high pollutional level which do not comply with the standards of the Egyptian Law No. 93/62, such as, BOD, COD, organic loads, suspended solids, and oil and grease content. The mean BOD values were 400 mg/l for the Spinning waste, 336 IT~/l for the Dyeing waste, 121 mg/1 for the Rayon waste and 347 mg/l for EI-Beida waste. Also the mean organic loads were calculated for the different industries. They were relatively high and their values were 10 tons BOD for the Spinning waste, 5 tons BOD for Dyeing waste, 3.63 tons BOD for Hayon waste and 5.6 tons BOD for El-Beida Dyers waste, indic ating that their discharge pollution. into the drain causes its The Spinning waste have pH values that ranged between 6.3 and 7.8, while that of the Dyeing waste ranged from 6.5 to 10.35, also the Rayon waste values ranged from 4.2 to 8.25, and for El-Beida Dyers waste a range from 2.6 to 11.6 was obtained. This show that the wastes were sometimes acidic and/or alkaline according to the nature of their processes. The values of the other parameters are mentioned in the text. The survey also revealed that EI-’J:abia industrial complex includes: Rakta Pulp and Paper Company, Nstional Paper Company, Kaha Company and Abu Kier Fertilizer Company. The wast es of these industr.ies were directly dis charged into Abu Kier drain without any treatment causing serious problems of pollution of the drain at this sector. All these industries have a common criteria of high organic loads. The results show that the mean BOD valul::!b for the above industries were 964, 637, 739 and 313 mg/I, respectively, and the calculated mean organic loads wex’e very high ana are found to be 48.2 ton BOD for Rakta waste, 25.5 ton BOD for the National Paper waste, 0.52 ton BOD for Kaha .waste and 9.1 ton BOD for Abu Kier Fertilizer waste. . It was also found that, the pH values for the diff erent wastes of these industries ranged between 7.3 to 9.5 for Rakta waste, 6.75 to 8.6 for the National Paper waste, 5.3 to 8.4 for Kaha waste and from 7.2 to 11 for Abu Kier ,Fertilizer waste. Most of the other parameters exceeded the allowable limits specified in’t he law No. 93/62. The values of the other parameters are mentioned in the text. As a result of the discharge of the wastewater effluents from all the above industries serious pollution problems occurred in Abu Kier drain as it is clear from the results obtained in this work where the drain is highly polluted and the discharged organic loadG from the different industries exceed its capacity for self purification, arid consequently affects Abu Kier Bay to a great extent. In-plant control measures for each industry were also discussed. from the aforementioned results, it can be concluded t hat: 1 Abu Kier drain is highly polluted. 2- The sources of pollution are, the ag_d cultural waste, wastewaters from Kafr EI-Dawaar comple~ and EI-Tabia industrial complex. ’\ 3- Kafr EI-Dawaar complex ’comprises of the following industries: a- :Misr Fine Spinning and Weaving Company. b- Esma Dye Company. c- Misr Rayon Company. d- EI-Beide Dyers Company. 4- All the wastes from the above industries do not comply with the standards mentioned in the law 93/62 for dis charge into drains. 5- All these wastes are highly organic and includes domestic wastes from the residental quarters. The calculated organic loads for th(~se industries were 10 ton BaD for Spinning waste, 5 tons BOP for Dyeing waste, 3.63 ton BOD for Misr Rayon waste and 5.6 ton BaD for EI-Beida Dyers waste. 6- Misr Rayon and Esma Dye wastes are mostly acidic. 7- Waste from EI-Beida factory is alkaline. 8- There a~ treatment plant s in Misr Hayon and ESI!la Dye factories, using lime for neutralization process, but the lime added is insufficient for the complete neutralization of these acidic wastes. 9- Raw wastes from Misr Spinning and Wea\ring and El-Beida Dyers industries are discharged into Abu Kier drain / without any treatment, where the treatment plant of the Spinning factory was out of order. But there are separation tanks for oil removal in EI-Beid.a factory (from wool factory waste). . 10- El-Tabia Complex contains four major industries as follows: a- Rakta Pulp’and Paper Company. b- National Paper Company. , c- Kaha Company. ”d- Abu Kier Fertilizer Company. 11- These wastes do not comply with the standards of the Egyptian law No. 93!62 for the discharge into drains. 12- The results obtained from the analyses of the wastes of these factories show that these wastes are highly organic in nature especially pulp and Paper wastes. 13- Fertilizer plant under normal condition eta not show any excess of ammonia neither in the WC:1Dte, nor in the atmosphere. But during emergenc”J’ as in-plant shut down and starta excess aw~onia is released and ”’ ~ reaches about 3000 mg/l. ” 14- Although the calculated organic load.s were relatively high, as. (48.2 ton/day) for Rakta,(25.5 ton!day)for . Nat’:l.onal paper,(0.52 ton!day)for Kaha and(9.1 tons! day)for Abu Kier Fertilizer wastes, there is no \ treatment plants for these wastes. ~ 15- Tabia Pumping Station Pumps all pollutants resulting from both Complexes into the bay. The polluted water can be seen by the naked eye. from the work and conclusions represented here it is recommended that: 1- Creation of a body to monitor and operate pollution abatement programme and to be linked directly with the board of directors. 2- Installation of a central treatment plant at Kafr El Dawaar Complex in Misr Rayon area. 3- Installation of a central treatment plant ut El-Tabie Complex, near’ Rakta Company. 4- Special fund should be allocateu, and each factory participates in proportion according to the amount and characteristics of their wastes. 5- Any industry who can manage to carry out an active role in pollution abatement to an extent less thsn the allowable limits should be encouraged and compensated accordingly. 6- In-plant control measures should be applied in each factory.. 7- Enforcement of the Egyptian law No. 93/62. 8- A programme of environmental pollution education should be c~ied out to develop awareness about the effect of <# pollution on the environment among the responsibles 0:( these factories. This programne can develop active participation of those responsibles in controlling and reducing the pollution resulting from their industries. 9- Training of personnel by attendence of intensive courses on the operation and maintenance of treatment plants, and selection of appropriate technological methods of treatment of different industrial wastes. 10- Continuous monitory prograIT~e should be carried out to detect the early defects in the operation of the treatment plants.