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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a very specialized connective tissue, but has a poor intrinsic capacity for repair. The avascular and aneural nature of cartilage has often been cited as reasons for this poor potential. Articular cartilage can be divided biologically into three zones; superficial, middle and deep zone.
Unlike most tissues articular cartilage healing occur without inflammation so there are many variables that affect articular cartilage healing which include injury variables, patient variables and treatment variables.
Articular cartilage is subjected to wide range of loading conditions and the ability of cartilage to withstand these forces depends on the composition and integrity of its components.
Osteochondral defects can be assessed by clinical examination; plain radiography and magnetic resonant imaging to determine the number, size, location and depth of the defect; a diagnostic arthroscopy is often needed for proper evaluation.