الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 117 |  |  |
| | | from | 117 | | |
المستخلص
In the past decade, the image of cardiac surgery has been totally changed by the evolution of a number of technologic advances, most notably the development of minimally invasive techniques, including minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), and minimal access valve surgery. But all these techniques have their limitations and did not improve overall mortality of cardiac patients in the past comparing to the standard bypass technique.
Recently, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has become more advanced by the introduction of computerized tele-micromanipulator which is also known as the surgical robot. Using that device, surgeons can manipulate small instruments, which are inserted through small chest incisions, while he or she is away from the patient, achieving many of the technical maneuvers previously possible only with open exposure.
Various cardiac surgeries are performed nowadays by this technique including coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), mitral valve repair, atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, and recently patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure.
The challenge in completion of this procedure requires active involvement of anesthesiologists, nurses, perfusionists, and surgeons. Even the simplest problems encountered may prove detrimental to completion of the robotic procedure; therefore, attention to details by all involved persons is critical.